OTX2
orthodenticle homeobox 2

This gene encodes a member of the bicoid subfamily of homeodomain-containing transcription factors. The encoded protein acts as a transcription factor and plays a role in brain, craniofacial, and sensory organ development. The encoded protein also influences the proliferation and differentiation of dopaminergic neuronal progenitor cells during mitosis. Mutations in this gene cause syndromic microphthalmia 5 (MCOPS5) and combined pituitary hormone deficiency 6 (CPHD6). This gene is also suspected of having an oncogenic role in medulloblastoma. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Pseudogenes of this gene are known to exist on chromosomes two and nine. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

Member of: DE-4 DE-4.21 Developmental clusters: GC6
Biological processes 33 terms
DNA binding (GO:0003677)DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001228)DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0003700)DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981)DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981)DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981)RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978)RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978)axon guidance (GO:0007411)chromatin (GO:0000785)dopaminergic neuron differentiation (GO:0071542)dopaminergic neuron differentiation (GO:0071542)eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding (GO:0008190)forebrain development (GO:0030900)growth cone (GO:0030426)midbrain development (GO:0030901)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893)positive regulation of embryonic development (GO:0040019)positive regulation of gastrulation (GO:2000543)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)primitive streak formation (GO:0090009)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein-containing complex (GO:0032991)protein-containing complex assembly (GO:0065003)regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355)regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway (GO:0040036)regulation of smoothened signaling pathway (GO:0008589)regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357)sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding (GO:1990837)
Expression (TPM)
OTX2 — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating OTX2 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for OTX2. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = OTX2 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to OTX2

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of OTX2, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr14:56,552,658–56,553,598 252.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 60
chr14:56,579,396–56,580,264 226.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 723
chr14:56,657,366–56,658,170 147.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 55
chr14:56,659,300–56,659,979 146.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 126
chr14:56,795,799–56,797,370 8.3 kb Proximal (<10kb) 78
chr14:56,797,476–56,799,717 6.7 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 305
chr14:56,804,880–56,806,970 141 bp At TSS Multiome 343
chr14:56,808,566–56,809,371 2.9 kb Proximal (<10kb) 138
chr14:56,810,408–56,810,605 4.7 kb Proximal (<10kb) 43
chr14:56,811,355–56,811,797 5.7 kb Proximal (<10kb) 46
chr14:56,811,966–56,812,705 6.3 kb Proximal (<10kb) 105
chr14:56,846,930–56,847,795 41.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 173
chr14:56,855,868–56,856,570 50.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 256
chr14:56,858,307–56,858,852 53.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 104
chr14:56,998,512–56,999,273 193.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 139
chr14:57,049,791–57,050,396 244.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 43

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the OTX2 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr14:56,542,658 – 57,060,396
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq