This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protein, which plays a role in left-right asymmetry determination of organ systems during development. The protein may also play a role in endometrial bleeding. Mutations in this gene have been associated with left-right axis malformations, particularly in the heart and lungs. Some types of infertility have been associated with dysregulated expression of this gene in the endometrium. This gene is closely linked to both a related family member and a related pseudogene. This gene encodes multiple isoforms that may undergo similar proteolytic processing. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for LEFTY2. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = LEFTY2 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of LEFTY2, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr1:225,652,334–225,654,131 | 288.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 786 | |
| chr1:225,754,870–225,755,548 | 186.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 382 | |
| chr1:225,768,775–225,769,570 | 172.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 313 | |
| chr1:225,771,884–225,772,638 | 169.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 488 | |
| chr1:225,777,167–225,778,412 | 163.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 942 | |
| chr1:225,809,711–225,811,548 | 131.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 654 | |
| chr1:225,845,424–225,846,556 | 95.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 416 | |
| chr1:225,881,255–225,884,173 | 59.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 879 | |
| chr1:225,888,552–225,889,596 | 52.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 185 | |
| chr1:225,898,735–225,899,922 | 41.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 335 | |
| chr1:225,903,782–225,904,454 | 37.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 40 | |
| chr1:225,908,825–225,909,327 | 32.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 101 | |
| chr1:225,910,978–225,911,799 | 30.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 344 | |
| chr1:225,923,776–225,924,773 | 17.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 960 | |
| chr1:225,931,396–225,931,784 | 9.4 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 172 | |
| chr1:225,939,444–225,939,998 | 1.7 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 62 | |
| chr1:225,940,953–225,941,412 | at TSS | At TSS | 65 | |
| chr1:225,942,617–225,942,892 | 1.4 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 67 | |
| chr1:225,945,518–225,946,038 | 4.4 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 172 | |
| chr1:225,948,616–225,949,435 | 7.7 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 175 | |
| chr1:225,951,130–225,951,299 | 9.9 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 116 | |
| chr1:225,957,776–225,958,797 | 17.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 175 | |
| chr1:225,999,043–226,000,159 | 58.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 969 | |
| chr1:226,061,587–226,063,333 | 121.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 976 | |
| chr1:226,082,913–226,084,135 | 142.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 852 | |
| chr1:226,109,567–226,111,083 | 168.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 768 | |
| chr1:226,121,192–226,122,943 | 180.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 840 | |
| chr1:226,125,045–226,125,680 | 184.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 373 | |
| chr1:226,186,167–226,187,132 | 245.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 939 | |
| chr1:226,210,358–226,211,556 | 269.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 262 | |
| chr1:226,214,653–226,215,688 | 274.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 145 | |
| chr1:226,222,744–226,224,297 | 282.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 635 | |
| chr1:226,227,753–226,229,876 | 287.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 240 |
Genomic view of the LEFTY2 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.