FURIN
furin, paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme | SPC1, FUR, PACE, PCSK3

This gene encodes a member of the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase family, which includes proteases that process protein and peptide precursors trafficking through regulated or constitutive branches of the secretory pathway. It encodes a type 1 membrane bound protease that is expressed in many tissues, including neuroendocrine, liver, gut, and brain. The encoded protein undergoes an initial autocatalytic processing event in the ER and then sorts to the trans-Golgi network through endosomes where a second autocatalytic event takes place and the catalytic activity is acquired. Like other members of this convertase family, the product of this gene specifically cleaves substrates at single or paired basic residues. Some of its substrates include proparathyroid hormone, transforming growth factor beta 1 precursor, proalbumin, pro-beta-secretase, membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase, beta subunit of pro-nerve growth factor and von Willebrand factor. It is thought to be one of the proteases responsible for the activation of HIV envelope glycoproteins gp160 and gp140, and may play a role in tumor progression. Unlike SARS-CoV and other coronaviruses, the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is thought to be uniquely cleaved by this protease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

Member of: DE-7 DE-7.3 Developmental clusters: GC6
Biological processes 81 terms
Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794)Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794)Golgi lumen (GO:0005796)Golgi lumen (GO:0005796)Golgi membrane (GO:0000139)Golgi membrane (GO:0000139)Golgi membrane (GO:0000139)amyloid fibril formation (GO:1990000)biological process involved in symbiotic interaction (GO:0044403)blastocyst formation (GO:0001825)cell surface (GO:0009986)cholesterol homeostasis (GO:0042632)collagen catabolic process (GO:0030574)cytokine precursor processing (GO:0140447)dibasic protein processing (GO:0090472)endopeptidase activator activity (GO:0061133)endopeptidase activity (GO:0004175)endopeptidase activity (GO:0004175)endopeptidase activity (GO:0004175)endopeptidase inhibitor activity (GO:0004866)endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783)endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783)endosome membrane (GO:0010008)exocytic vesicle (GO:0070382)extracellular exosome (GO:0070062)extracellular matrix disassembly (GO:0022617)extracellular matrix organization (GO:0030198)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)heparan sulfate binding (GO:1904399)heparin binding (GO:0008201)membrane (GO:0016020)membrane raft (GO:0045121)negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus (GO:0002862)negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process (GO:0032804)negative regulation of nerve growth factor production (GO:0032904)negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 production (GO:0032911)nerve growth factor binding (GO:0048406)nerve growth factor production (GO:0032902)peptidase activity (GO:0008233)peptide binding (GO:0042277)peptide biosynthetic process (GO:0043043)peptide hormone processing (GO:0016486)peptide hormone processing (GO:0016486)plasma lipoprotein particle remodeling (GO:0034369)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis (GO:0051044)positive regulation of viral entry into host cell (GO:0046598)protease binding (GO:0002020)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein maturation (GO:0051604)protein maturation (GO:0051604)protein maturation (GO:0051604)protein processing (GO:0016485)protein processing (GO:0016485)protein processing (GO:0016485)protein processing (GO:0016485)protein processing (GO:0016485)proteolysis (GO:0006508)regulation of protein catabolic process (GO:0042176)secretion by cell (GO:0032940)serine-type endopeptidase activity (GO:0004252)serine-type endopeptidase activity (GO:0004252)serine-type endopeptidase activity (GO:0004252)serine-type endopeptidase activity (GO:0004252)serine-type endopeptidase activity (GO:0004252)serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity (GO:0004867)serine-type peptidase activity (GO:0008236)serine-type peptidase activity (GO:0008236)signal peptidase activity (GO:0009003)trans-Golgi network (GO:0005802)trans-Golgi network (GO:0005802)trans-Golgi network (GO:0005802)trans-Golgi network transport vesicle (GO:0030140)transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007179)viral life cycle (GO:0019058)viral protein processing (GO:0019082)zymogen activation (GO:0031638)zymogen inhibition (GO:0097341)
Expression (TPM)
FURIN — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating FURIN 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for FURIN. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = FURIN upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to FURIN

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of FURIN, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr15:90,301,063–90,301,545 570.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 241
chr15:90,716,853–90,717,827 154.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 824
chr15:90,839,491–90,840,162 32.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 261
chr15:90,869,250–90,869,412 2.8 kb Proximal (<10kb) 191
chr15:90,869,617–90,870,019 2.1 kb Proximal (<10kb) 456
chr15:90,871,060–90,871,416 752 bp At TSS 355
chr15:90,871,720–90,872,555 at TSS At TSS 384
chr15:90,873,951–90,874,454 1.8 kb Proximal (<10kb) 647
chr15:90,883,883–90,884,953 12.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 304
chr15:90,902,271–90,903,624 30.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 817
chr15:90,931,729–90,933,077 59.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 926
chr15:90,934,164–90,935,936 63.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 701
chr15:90,954,493–90,955,641 82.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 974
chr15:90,956,070–90,957,754 84.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 410
chr15:90,994,023–90,995,142 122.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 929
chr15:91,021,873–91,022,829 150.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 735
chr15:91,032,872–91,033,463 161.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 347
chr15:91,099,400–91,100,613 228.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 351
chr15:91,101,202–91,101,847 229.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 48
chr15:91,140,477–91,140,966 268.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 31

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the FURIN locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr15:90,291,063 – 91,150,966
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq