Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in linking amino acids with nucleotide triplets contained in tRNAs, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are thought to be among the first proteins that appeared in evolution. Two forms of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase exist, a cytoplasmic form, named WARS, and a mitochondrial form, named WARS2. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WARS) catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNA(trp) with tryptophan and is induced by interferon. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase belongs to the class I tRNA synthetase family. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for WARS1. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = WARS1 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of WARS1, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr14:100,108,167–100,108,638 | 267.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 372 | |
| chr14:100,159,111–100,160,199 | 216.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 345 | |
| chr14:100,192,488–100,193,700 | 183.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 969 | |
| chr14:100,213,903–100,215,015 | 161.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 857 | |
| chr14:100,221,397–100,222,394 | 154.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 448 | |
| chr14:100,237,942–100,240,742 | 137.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 894 | |
| chr14:100,284,345–100,286,145 | 90.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 894 | |
| chr14:100,304,634–100,307,624 | 71.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 725 | |
| chr14:100,318,097–100,318,705 | 57.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 363 | |
| chr14:100,348,695–100,349,830 | 27.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 195 | |
| chr14:100,371,470–100,372,320 | 4.3 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 99 | |
| chr14:100,372,426–100,372,595 | 2.9 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 47 | |
| chr14:100,372,706–100,373,117 | 3.4 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 79 | |
| chr14:100,375,470–100,376,763 | 56 bp | At TSS Multiome | 889 | |
| chr14:100,377,842–100,378,120 | 2.4 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 326 | |
| chr14:100,383,770–100,383,993 | 8.3 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 237 | |
| chr14:100,393,734–100,394,422 | 17.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 66 | |
| chr14:100,546,059–100,547,136 | 170.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 334 | |
| chr14:100,672,913–100,673,654 | 297.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 432 |
Genomic view of the WARS1 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.