The import of proteins into the nucleus is a process that involves at least 2 steps. The first is an energy-independent docking of the protein to the nuclear envelope and the second is an energy-dependent translocation through the nuclear pore complex. Imported proteins require a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) which generally consists of a short region of basic amino acids or 2 such regions spaced about 10 amino acids apart. Proteins involved in the first step of nuclear import have been identified in different systems. These include the Xenopus protein importin and its yeast homolog, SRP1 (a suppressor of certain temperature-sensitive mutations of RNA polymerase I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae), which bind to the NLS. KPNA2 protein interacts with the NLSs of DNA helicase Q1 and SV40 T antigen and may be involved in the nuclear transport of proteins. KPNA2 also may play a role in V(D)J recombination. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for KPNA2. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = KPNA2 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of KPNA2, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr17:67,366,174–67,366,796 | 669.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 985 | |
| chr17:67,752,011–67,752,512 | 283.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 77 | |
| chr17:67,779,002–67,779,504 | 256.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 391 | |
| chr17:67,824,729–67,826,379 | 210.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 892 | |
| chr17:67,974,294–67,975,317 | 60.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 220 | |
| chr17:67,993,084–67,994,333 | 42.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 896 | |
| chr17:68,019,469–68,020,645 | 15.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1154 | |
| chr17:68,033,975–68,034,637 | 1.5 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 288 | |
| chr17:68,035,094–68,036,341 | 126 bp | At TSS Multiome | 1009 | |
| chr17:68,101,069–68,102,208 | 65.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 934 | |
| chr17:68,169,087–68,169,738 | 133.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 34 | |
| chr17:68,195,930–68,196,516 | 160.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 132 | |
| chr17:68,198,840–68,199,804 | 163.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 254 | |
| chr17:68,200,632–68,201,332 | 165.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 510 | |
| chr17:68,205,092–68,206,268 | 169.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 867 | |
| chr17:68,247,371–68,248,543 | 212.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 986 | |
| chr17:68,291,089–68,292,878 | 255.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 972 |
Genomic view of the KPNA2 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.