HMGA2
high mobility group AT-hook 2 | BABL, LIPO, HMGIC

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the non-histone chromosomal high mobility group (HMG) protein family. HMG proteins function as architectural factors and are essential components of the enhancesome. This protein contains structural DNA-binding domains and may act as a transcriptional regulating factor. Identification of the deletion, amplification, and rearrangement of this gene that are associated with myxoid liposarcoma suggests a role in adipogenesis and mesenchymal differentiation. A gene knock out study of the mouse counterpart demonstrated that this gene is involved in diet-induced obesity. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Member of: DE-4 DE-4.30 Developmental clusters: GC7
Biological processes 78 terms
5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity (GO:0051575)C2H2 zinc finger domain binding (GO:0070742)DNA binding (GO:0003677)DNA binding, bending (GO:0008301)DNA binding, bending (GO:0008301)DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity (GO:0003906)MH1 domain binding (GO:0035501)MH2 domain binding (GO:0035500)RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding (GO:0061629)SMAD binding (GO:0046332)SMAD protein complex (GO:0071141)base-excision repair (GO:0006284)cAMP response element binding (GO:0035497)chondrocyte differentiation (GO:0002062)chondrocyte proliferation (GO:0035988)chromatin (GO:0000785)chromatin organization (GO:0006325)endodermal cell differentiation (GO:0035987)enzyme binding (GO:0019899)epithelial to mesenchymal transition (GO:0001837)fat cell differentiation (GO:0045444)heterochromatin formation (GO:0031507)host-mediated suppression of viral transcription (GO:0043922)intracellular signal transduction (GO:0035556)intracellular signal transduction (GO:0035556)mesenchymal cell differentiation (GO:0048762)mesodermal cell differentiation (GO:0048333)mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling (GO:0003131)minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding (GO:0003680)minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding (GO:0003680)minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding (GO:0003680)negative regulation of DNA binding (GO:0043392)negative regulation of DNA binding (GO:0043392)negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045892)negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045892)negative regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043066)negative regulation of cellular senescence (GO:2000773)negative regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining (GO:2001033)negative regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway (GO:0033144)negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT (GO:0046426)negative regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate (GO:0045869)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)nuclear chromosome (GO:0000228)nucleic acid binding (GO:0003676)nucleolus (GO:0005730)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleosomal DNA binding (GO:0031492)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)oncogene-induced cell senescence (GO:0090402)positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893)positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893)positive regulation of angiogenesis (GO:0045766)positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow (GO:0071864)positive regulation of gene expression (GO:0010628)positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity (GO:0071902)positive regulation of stem cell proliferation (GO:2000648)positive regulation of stem cell proliferation (GO:2000648)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein-DNA complex (GO:0032993)regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355)regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355)regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355)regulation of cell cycle process (GO:0010564)regulation of gene expression (GO:0010468)regulation of stem cell population maintenance (GO:2000036)regulation of stem cell population maintenance (GO:2000036)response to virus (GO:0009615)senescence-associated heterochromatin focus (GO:0035985)stem cell differentiation (GO:0048863)transcription cis-regulatory region binding (GO:0000976)transcription coregulator activity (GO:0003712)transcription corepressor activity (GO:0003714)
Expression (TPM)
HMGA2 — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating HMGA2 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for HMGA2. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = HMGA2 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to HMGA2

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of HMGA2, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr12:65,566,010–65,566,599 258.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 314
chr12:65,638,328–65,638,825 185.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 85
chr12:65,740,801–65,742,990 81.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 695
chr12:65,754,735–65,755,896 69.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 173
chr12:65,817,596–65,818,266 6.4 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 138
chr12:65,818,566–65,818,763 5.7 kb Proximal (<10kb) 33
chr12:65,822,819–65,823,229 1.2 kb Proximal (<10kb) 511
chr12:65,823,369–65,823,705 753 bp At TSS 348
chr12:65,823,815–65,826,447 10 bp At TSS Multiome 894
chr12:65,826,609–65,826,749 2.1 kb Proximal (<10kb) 143
chr12:65,827,974–65,828,199 3.5 kb Proximal (<10kb) 61
chr12:65,845,814–65,846,311 21.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 145
chr12:65,897,482–65,897,992 73.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 129
chr12:65,925,832–65,927,041 101.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 384
chr12:66,061,688–66,062,514 237.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 137

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the HMGA2 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr12:65,556,010 – 66,072,514
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq