This gene is a member of the calpain small subunit family. Calpains are calcium-dependent cysteine proteinases that are widely distributed in mammalian cells. Calpains operate as heterodimers, comprising a specific large catalytic subunit (calpain 1 subunit in Calpain I, and calpain 2 subunit in Calpain II), and a common small regulatory subunit encoded by this gene. This encoded protein is essential for the stability and function of both calpain heterodimers, whose proteolytic activities influence various cellular functions including apoptosis, proliferation, migration, adhesion, and autophagy. Calpains have been implicated in neurodegenerative processes, such as myotonic dystrophy. A pseudogene of this gene has been defined on chromosome 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for CAPNS1. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = CAPNS1 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of CAPNS1, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr19:35,860,621–35,861,651 | 278.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 299 | |
| chr19:35,868,369–35,868,860 | 271.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 320 | |
| chr19:35,869,343–35,870,482 | 270.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 492 | |
| chr19:35,899,240–35,900,760 | 240.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 751 | |
| chr19:35,931,342–35,932,167 | 208.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 835 | |
| chr19:35,936,083–35,936,704 | 203.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 417 | |
| chr19:35,986,945–35,987,622 | 152.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 363 | |
| chr19:35,994,796–35,995,940 | 144.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 897 | |
| chr19:36,008,519–36,009,006 | 131.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 427 | |
| chr19:36,013,972–36,014,810 | 125.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 623 | |
| chr19:36,032,424–36,033,187 | 107.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 179 | |
| chr19:36,053,782–36,055,591 | 85.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1026 | |
| chr19:36,113,981–36,116,196 | 24.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1052 | |
| chr19:36,127,575–36,128,707 | 12.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 942 | |
| chr19:36,139,425–36,141,811 | 1.2 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 1037 | |
| chr19:36,151,057–36,151,628 | 9.9 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 78 | |
| chr19:36,160,493–36,161,405 | 20.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 94 | |
| chr19:36,214,162–36,215,543 | 74.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1008 | |
| chr19:36,245,106–36,245,849 | 105.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 153 | |
| chr19:36,331,415–36,332,377 | 191.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 372 | |
| chr19:36,378,606–36,379,573 | 239.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 839 | |
| chr19:36,418,146–36,419,031 | 278.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 638 |
Genomic view of the CAPNS1 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.