TSPO
translocator protein | DBI, IBP, MBR, PBR, PKBS, TSPO1, mDRC, pk18, BZRP

Present mainly in the mitochondrial compartment of peripheral tissues, the protein encoded by this gene interacts with some benzodiazepines and has different affinities than its endogenous counterpart. The protein is a key factor in the flow of cholesterol into mitochondria to permit the initiation of steroid hormone synthesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been reported; one of the variants lacks an internal exon and is considered non-coding, and the other variants encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

Member of: DE-4 DE-4.8
Biological processes 63 terms
C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process (GO:0006700)C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process (GO:0006700)adrenal gland development (GO:0030325)androgen binding (GO:0005497)behavioral response to pain (GO:0048266)benzodiazepine receptor activity (GO:0008503)benzodiazepine receptor activity (GO:0008503)cellular hypotonic response (GO:0071476)cellular response to lipopolysaccharide (GO:0071222)cellular response to zinc ion (GO:0071294)chloride transport (GO:0006821)cholesterol binding (GO:0015485)cholesterol homeostasis (GO:0042632)cholesterol transfer activity (GO:0120020)cholesterol transfer activity (GO:0120020)contact inhibition (GO:0060242)extracellular exosome (GO:0070062)glial cell migration (GO:0008347)heme biosynthetic process (GO:0006783)maintenance of protein location in mitochondrion (GO:0072656)membrane (GO:0016020)membrane (GO:0016020)mitochondrial membrane (GO:0031966)mitochondrial outer membrane (GO:0005741)mitochondrial outer membrane (GO:0005741)mitochondrial outer membrane (GO:0005741)mitochondrial outer membrane (GO:0005741)mitochondrion (GO:0005739)mitochondrion (GO:0005739)mitochondrion (GO:0005739)monoatomic anion transport (GO:0006820)monoatomic ion transport (GO:0006811)negative regulation of ATP metabolic process (GO:1903579)negative regulation of corticosterone secretion (GO:2000853)negative regulation of glial cell proliferation (GO:0060253)negative regulation of mitophagy (GO:1901525)negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process (GO:0045019)negative regulation of protein ubiquitination (GO:0031397)negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production (GO:0032720)peripheral nervous system axon regeneration (GO:0014012)positive regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043065)positive regulation of calcium ion transport (GO:0051928)positive regulation of glial cell proliferation (GO:0060252)positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization (GO:0051901)positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell death (GO:0062100)positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process (GO:2000379)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein localization to mitochondrion (GO:0070585)regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0042127)regulation of cholesterol transport (GO:0032374)regulation of steroid biosynthetic process (GO:0050810)response to acetylcholine (GO:1905144)response to axon injury (GO:0048678)response to manganese ion (GO:0010042)response to pain (GO:0048265)response to progesterone (GO:0032570)response to testosterone (GO:0033574)response to vitamin B1 (GO:0010266)response to xenobiotic stimulus (GO:0009410)steroid biosynthetic process (GO:0006694)steroid metabolic process (GO:0008202)sterol transport (GO:0015918)transmembrane transporter binding (GO:0044325)
Expression (TPM)
TSPO — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating TSPO 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for TSPO. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = TSPO upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to TSPO

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of TSPO, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr22:42,856,601–42,857,716 294.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 938
chr22:42,964,987–42,965,486 186.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 332
chr22:43,014,433–43,015,934 136.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 845
chr22:43,089,058–43,089,753 62.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 726
chr22:43,110,485–43,111,495 40.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 485
chr22:43,142,895–43,143,571 8.2 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 810
chr22:43,151,300–43,151,927 16 bp At TSS Multiome 340
chr22:43,187,421–43,188,123 36.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 819
chr22:43,216,557–43,217,579 65.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 90
chr22:43,226,308–43,226,848 75.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 56
chr22:43,231,079–43,231,533 79.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 240
chr22:43,343,283–43,343,875 191.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 205

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the TSPO locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr22:42,846,601 – 43,353,875
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq