Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L32E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Although some studies have mapped this gene to 3q13.3-q21, it is believed to map to 3p25-p24. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for RPL32. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = RPL32 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of RPL32, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr3:12,556,440–12,557,557 | 284.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1025 | |
| chr3:12,662,566–12,663,343 | 178.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 320 | |
| chr3:12,663,393–12,664,764 | 177.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 941 | |
| chr3:12,768,768–12,769,541 | 72.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 69 | |
| chr3:12,796,430–12,797,162 | 44.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 467 | |
| chr3:12,809,737–12,810,783 | 31.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 598 | |
| chr3:12,833,218–12,834,303 | 8.0 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 191 | |
| chr3:12,841,044–12,841,991 | 90 bp | At TSS Multiome | 956 | |
| chr3:12,868,442–12,869,473 | 27.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 404 | |
| chr3:12,875,773–12,876,581 | 34.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 256 | |
| chr3:12,966,894–12,968,388 | 126.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 677 | |
| chr3:12,993,065–12,995,303 | 153.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 920 | |
| chr3:13,092,039–13,092,618 | 250.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 307 |
Genomic view of the RPL32 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.