The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes one of the non-ATPase subunits of the 19S regulator lid. In addition to participation in proteasome function, this subunit may also participate in the TNF signalling pathway since it interacts with the tumor necrosis factor type 1 receptor. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for PSMD2. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = PSMD2 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of PSMD2, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr3:184,017,103–184,018,456 | 281.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 878 | |
| chr3:184,134,086–184,134,568 | 165.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 732 | |
| chr3:184,134,801–184,135,887 | 163.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 941 | |
| chr3:184,154,967–184,155,880 | 143.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 580 | |
| chr3:184,174,432–184,175,524 | 124.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 765 | |
| chr3:184,176,129–184,177,706 | 122.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 480 | |
| chr3:184,185,411–184,187,065 | 113.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 878 | |
| chr3:184,229,229–184,229,859 | 69.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 409 | |
| chr3:184,236,026–184,236,474 | 63.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 41 | |
| chr3:184,241,140–184,242,189 | 57.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 700 | |
| chr3:184,248,652–184,250,567 | 49.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1061 | |
| chr3:184,259,723–184,260,497 | 39.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 318 | |
| chr3:184,260,815–184,262,571 | 37.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 511 | |
| chr3:184,289,446–184,289,688 | 9.5 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 212 | |
| chr3:184,298,591–184,299,718 | 80 bp | At TSS Multiome | 768 | |
| chr3:184,314,169–184,315,514 | 15.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 761 | |
| chr3:184,335,265–184,337,276 | 36.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 796 | |
| chr3:184,338,471–184,338,964 | 39.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 203 | |
| chr3:184,361,172–184,363,709 | 64.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1034 | |
| chr3:184,379,849–184,380,935 | 81.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 242 | |
| chr3:184,513,458–184,514,228 | 214.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 391 | |
| chr3:184,525,317–184,526,423 | 226.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 281 | |
| chr3:184,558,752–184,559,234 | 259.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 58 | |
| chr3:184,561,059–184,562,613 | 262.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 671 | |
| chr3:184,568,694–184,569,481 | 269.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 342 | |
| chr3:184,574,449–184,575,341 | 275.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 164 | |
| chr3:184,583,141–184,585,336 | 285.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 270 |
Genomic view of the PSMD2 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.