PER1
period circadian regulator 1 | RIGUI, PER

This gene is a member of the Period family of genes and is expressed in a circadian pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. Genes in this family encode components of the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, metabolism, and behavior. This gene is upregulated by CLOCK/ARNTL heterodimers but then represses this upregulation in a feedback loop using PER/CRY heterodimers to interact with CLOCK/ARNTL. Polymorphisms in this gene may increase the risk of getting certain cancers. Alternative splicing has been observed in this gene; however, these variants have not been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

Biological processes 52 terms
DNA-binding transcription factor binding (GO:0140297)E-box binding (GO:0070888)RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978)chromatin DNA binding (GO:0031490)chromatin DNA binding (GO:0031490)chromatin remodeling (GO:0006338)chromatin remodeling (GO:0006338)circadian regulation of gene expression (GO:0032922)circadian regulation of gene expression (GO:0032922)circadian regulation of gene expression (GO:0032922)circadian rhythm (GO:0007623)circadian rhythm (GO:0007623)circadian rhythm (GO:0007623)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytosol (GO:0005829)cytosol (GO:0005829)entrainment of circadian clock (GO:0009649)entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod (GO:0043153)entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod (GO:0043153)entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod (GO:0043153)kinase binding (GO:0019900)kinase binding (GO:0019900)negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045892)negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045892)negative regulation of JNK cascade (GO:0046329)negative regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0043124)negative regulation of nuclear receptor-mediated glucocorticoid signaling pathway (GO:2000323)negative regulation of nuclear receptor-mediated glucocorticoid signaling pathway (GO:2000323)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression (GO:0010608)post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression (GO:0010608)protein binding (GO:0005515)regulation of circadian rhythm (GO:0042752)regulation of circadian rhythm (GO:0042752)regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response (GO:1900015)regulation of hair cycle (GO:0042634)regulation of p38MAPK cascade (GO:1900744)regulation of sodium ion transport (GO:0002028)regulation of sodium ion transport (GO:0002028)response to cAMP (GO:0051591)transcription cis-regulatory region binding (GO:0000976)transcription cis-regulatory region binding (GO:0000976)transcription corepressor binding (GO:0001222)ubiquitin protein ligase binding (GO:0031625)
Expression (TPM)
PER1 — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating PER1 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for PER1. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = PER1 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to PER1

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of PER1, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr17:7,856,600–7,858,747 298.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 942
chr17:7,885,205–7,885,734 271.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 371
chr17:7,887,616–7,888,198 268.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 581
chr17:7,915,430–7,916,499 240.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 869
chr17:7,922,863–7,923,421 233.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 205
chr17:7,929,559–7,930,172 226.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 106
chr17:7,931,533–7,932,876 224.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 767
chr17:7,971,685–7,972,375 184.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 45
chr17:7,989,908–7,990,676 166.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 652
chr17:8,015,966–8,016,968 140.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 339
chr17:8,068,609–8,069,844 87.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 100
chr17:8,079,261–8,080,640 76.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 613
chr17:8,109,567–8,110,530 46.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 360
chr17:8,117,780–8,119,396 37.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 684
chr17:8,119,590–8,122,560 35.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 968
chr17:8,123,407–8,124,386 32.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 296
chr17:8,125,308–8,126,995 30.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 724
chr17:8,138,425–8,139,804 17.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 981
chr17:8,151,026–8,151,640 5.1 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 435
chr17:8,151,914–8,152,786 3.9 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 633
chr17:8,153,878–8,154,864 2.0 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 644
chr17:8,155,928–8,157,418 253 bp At TSS Multiome 789
chr17:8,158,672–8,159,039 6.3 kb Proximal (<10kb) 350
chr17:8,162,377–8,163,907 6.7 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 637
chr17:8,164,190–8,164,640 7.8 kb Proximal (<10kb) 503
chr17:8,172,460–8,174,346 17.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 1196
chr17:8,175,900–8,176,943 20.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 601
chr17:8,185,937–8,188,084 31.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 1065
chr17:8,189,376–8,190,688 33.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 748
chr17:8,192,025–8,192,719 36.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 452
chr17:8,210,139–8,210,786 54.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 778
chr17:8,220,662–8,224,088 66.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 1171
chr17:8,226,529–8,227,280 70.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 565
chr17:8,247,519–8,249,589 93.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 914
chr17:8,288,100–8,289,230 132.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 751
chr17:8,295,073–8,296,021 139.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 739
chr17:8,310,033–8,310,555 153.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 98
chr17:8,313,329–8,313,824 157.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 30
chr17:8,376,215–8,376,918 220.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 888
chr17:8,382,925–8,384,028 227.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 981
chr17:8,435,307–8,436,885 279.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 847

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the PER1 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr17:7,846,600 – 8,446,885
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq
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