PAK proteins, a family of serine/threonine p21-activating kinases, include PAK1, PAK2, PAK3 and PAK4. PAK proteins are critical effectors that link Rho GTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling. They serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac and have been implicated in a wide range of biological activities. PAK4 interacts specifically with the GTP-bound form of Cdc42Hs and weakly activates the JNK family of MAP kinases. PAK4 is a mediator of filopodia formation and may play a role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for PAK4. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = PAK4 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of PAK4, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr19:38,831,191–38,832,119 | 293.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 931 | |
| chr19:38,849,166–38,852,789 | 273.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1139 | |
| chr19:38,869,729–38,870,536 | 255.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 350 | |
| chr19:38,899,267–38,900,530 | 225.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 886 | |
| chr19:38,930,044–38,931,363 | 195.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 889 | |
| chr19:38,949,549–38,950,582 | 175.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 330 | |
| chr19:38,975,192–38,976,859 | 149.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 846 | |
| chr19:38,995,916–38,996,388 | 129.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 144 | |
| chr19:39,030,958–39,033,042 | 94.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 763 | |
| chr19:39,122,123–39,122,326 | 3.4 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 302 | |
| chr19:39,125,485–39,126,290 | 3 bp | At TSS Multiome | 866 | |
| chr19:39,307,021–39,308,955 | 181.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 358 | |
| chr19:39,320,514–39,321,175 | 195.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 364 | |
| chr19:39,341,491–39,342,890 | 216.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 934 | |
| chr19:39,390,544–39,391,970 | 265.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1003 | |
| chr19:39,397,520–39,398,126 | 272.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 711 | |
| chr19:39,402,336–39,404,125 | 278.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 826 | |
| chr19:39,406,270–39,408,010 | 281.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 804 | |
| chr19:39,409,417–39,410,433 | 283.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 884 | |
| chr19:39,411,293–39,414,170 | 286.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1109 |
Genomic view of the PAK4 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.