Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein which is more than twice the size of its E.coli counterpart (EcoL24). Sequence analysis identified two transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for MRPL24. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = MRPL24 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of MRPL24, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr1:156,456,348–156,457,982 | 284.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1033 | |
| chr1:156,499,927–156,501,599 | 240.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 950 | |
| chr1:156,504,626–156,505,685 | 235.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 911 | |
| chr1:156,572,298–156,572,749 | 168.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 580 | |
| chr1:156,583,883–156,584,356 | 157.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 183 | |
| chr1:156,591,252–156,592,285 | 149.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 706 | |
| chr1:156,601,188–156,601,796 | 139.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 759 | |
| chr1:156,624,123–156,624,848 | 116.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 472 | |
| chr1:156,641,772–156,642,623 | 99.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 211 | |
| chr1:156,657,279–156,657,727 | 83.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 357 | |
| chr1:156,659,788–156,660,816 | 80.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 901 | |
| chr1:156,673,575–156,674,145 | 67.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 269 | |
| chr1:156,676,488–156,677,779 | 63.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 449 | |
| chr1:156,689,084–156,690,144 | 51.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 508 | |
| chr1:156,692,653–156,693,825 | 47.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 493 | |
| chr1:156,703,427–156,704,626 | 37.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 182 | |
| chr1:156,704,839–156,707,238 | 34.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 728 | |
| chr1:156,708,331–156,708,813 | 32.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 108 | |
| chr1:156,728,152–156,729,282 | 12.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 815 | |
| chr1:156,740,482–156,741,987 | 134 bp | At TSS Multiome | 1012 | |
| chr1:156,746,390–156,748,386 | 6.1 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 750 | |
| chr1:156,751,012–156,752,594 | 10.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 869 | |
| chr1:156,766,695–156,768,280 | 26.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 967 | |
| chr1:156,813,606–156,814,470 | 73.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 756 | |
| chr1:156,845,268–156,845,794 | 104.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 73 | |
| chr1:156,848,614–156,849,138 | 107.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 129 | |
| chr1:156,860,147–156,861,294 | 119.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 484 | |
| chr1:156,862,753–156,863,585 | 122.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 268 | |
| chr1:156,892,162–156,892,597 | 151.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 439 | |
| chr1:156,893,409–156,893,975 | 152.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 143 | |
| chr1:156,920,128–156,921,047 | 179.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 508 | |
| chr1:156,927,257–156,928,255 | 186.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 424 | |
| chr1:156,996,881–156,997,694 | 256.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 167 |
Genomic view of the MRPL24 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.