Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein that belongs to the L22 ribosomal protein family. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 4q. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for MRPL22. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = MRPL22 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of MRPL22, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr5:154,643,128–154,643,829 | 297.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 15 | |
| chr5:154,646,817–154,647,698 | 293.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 614 | |
| chr5:154,682,263–154,683,578 | 258.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1040 | |
| chr5:154,691,307–154,691,923 | 249.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 229 | |
| chr5:154,712,302–154,714,063 | 228.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 426 | |
| chr5:154,754,315–154,757,528 | 185.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1020 | |
| chr5:154,842,756–154,843,602 | 97.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 390 | |
| chr5:154,850,234–154,850,864 | 90.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 450 | |
| chr5:154,857,098–154,858,937 | 82.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1044 | |
| chr5:154,937,538–154,938,682 | 2.9 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 907 | |
| chr5:154,939,143–154,939,745 | 1.3 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 42 | |
| chr5:154,940,587–154,941,516 | 35 bp | At TSS Multiome | 664 | |
| chr5:154,950,033–154,950,346 | 8.9 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 14 |
Genomic view of the MRPL22 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.