Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for MRPL16. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = MRPL16 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of MRPL16, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr11:59,549,065–59,551,594 | 260.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1090 | |
| chr11:59,555,666–59,556,747 | 254.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 594 | |
| chr11:59,556,871–59,557,924 | 253.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 658 | |
| chr11:59,559,914–59,561,504 | 250.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 784 | |
| chr11:59,565,720–59,566,773 | 244.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 857 | |
| chr11:59,615,036–59,616,897 | 194.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 851 | |
| chr11:59,667,993–59,670,036 | 141.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 868 | |
| chr11:59,681,135–59,682,105 | 129.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 234 | |
| chr11:59,753,782–59,756,695 | 55.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 945 | |
| chr11:59,801,909–59,802,832 | 8.5 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 305 | |
| chr11:59,804,004–59,805,149 | 5.6 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 74 | |
| chr11:59,809,850–59,811,292 | 35 bp | At TSS Multiome | 960 |
Genomic view of the MRPL16 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.