Heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNAs) which include mRNA precursors and mature mRNAs are associated with specific proteins to form heterogenous ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) complexes. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L is among the proteins that are stably associated with hnRNP complexes and along with other hnRNP proteins is likely to play a major role in the formation, packaging, processing, and function of mRNA. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L is present in the nucleoplasm as part of the HNRP complex. HNRP proteins have also been identified outside of the nucleoplasm. Exchange of hnRNP for mRNA-binding proteins accompanies transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Since HNRP proteins have been shown to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, it is possible that they also have cytoplasmic functions. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for HNRNPL. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = HNRNPL upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of HNRNPL, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr19:38,514,956–38,515,568 | 337.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 404 | |
| chr19:38,565,090–38,565,701 | 287.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 164 | |
| chr19:38,595,857–38,597,322 | 255.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 478 | |
| chr19:38,617,752–38,619,569 | 233.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 835 | |
| chr19:38,647,137–38,648,653 | 204.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 856 | |
| chr19:38,666,103–38,666,668 | 186.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 317 | |
| chr19:38,683,677–38,684,144 | 168.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 678 | |
| chr19:38,734,491–38,735,702 | 117.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 338 | |
| chr19:38,735,981–38,737,634 | 115.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 493 | |
| chr19:38,754,913–38,755,455 | 97.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 12 | |
| chr19:38,831,191–38,832,119 | 20.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 931 | |
| chr19:38,849,166–38,852,789 | 292 bp | At TSS Multiome | 1139 | |
| chr19:38,869,729–38,870,536 | 17.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 350 | |
| chr19:38,899,267–38,900,530 | 47.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 886 | |
| chr19:38,930,044–38,931,363 | 78.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 889 | |
| chr19:38,949,549–38,950,582 | 97.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 330 | |
| chr19:38,975,192–38,976,859 | 124.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 846 | |
| chr19:38,995,916–38,996,388 | 143.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 144 | |
| chr19:39,030,958–39,033,042 | 179.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 763 | |
| chr19:39,125,485–39,126,290 | 273.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 866 |
Genomic view of the HNRNPL locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.