This gene encodes a member of a family of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), which are RNA-binding proteins that associate with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and influence pre-mRNA processing, as well as other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the most abundant core proteins of hnRNP complexes and plays a key role in the regulation of alternative splicing. Mutations in this gene have been observed in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 20. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found. There are numerous pseudogenes of this gene distributed throughout the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for HNRNPA1. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = HNRNPA1 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of HNRNPA1, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr12:53,984,667–53,985,381 | 295.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 456 | |
| chr12:54,017,619–54,018,921 | 262.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 663 | |
| chr12:54,125,925–54,126,686 | 154.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 244 | |
| chr12:54,159,055–54,159,510 | 121.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 263 | |
| chr12:54,188,672–54,189,215 | 91.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 529 | |
| chr12:54,214,692–54,215,229 | 65.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 646 | |
| chr12:54,216,935–54,217,348 | 63.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 450 | |
| chr12:54,217,640–54,218,303 | 62.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 212 | |
| chr12:54,259,188–54,260,497 | 21.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 573 | |
| chr12:54,279,361–54,281,440 | 117 bp | At TSS Multiome | 1100 | |
| chr12:54,288,499–54,288,982 | 7.8 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 311 | |
| chr12:54,294,279–54,294,500 | 8.4 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 534 | |
| chr12:54,295,763–54,296,162 | 9.9 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 363 | |
| chr12:54,300,732–54,301,299 | 20.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 545 | |
| chr12:54,324,486–54,325,464 | 44.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 885 | |
| chr12:54,358,730–54,359,779 | 78.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 857 | |
| chr12:54,370,156–54,370,782 | 89.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 399 | |
| chr12:54,378,747–54,380,140 | 98.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 649 | |
| chr12:54,390,265–54,391,699 | 110.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 393 | |
| chr12:54,419,123–54,419,837 | 138.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 441 | |
| chr12:54,431,650–54,432,865 | 151.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 498 | |
| chr12:54,452,678–54,453,187 | 172.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 54 | |
| chr12:54,549,254–54,550,339 | 268.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 365 | |
| chr12:54,579,588–54,580,234 | 299.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 271 |
Genomic view of the HNRNPA1 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.