Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These enzymes are involved in cellular defense against toxic, carcinogenic, and pharmacologically active electrophilic compounds. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-tranferase belonging to the alpha class. The alpha class genes, which are located in a cluster on chromosome 6, are highly related and encode enzymes with glutathione peroxidase activity that function in the detoxification of lipid peroxidation products. Reactive electrophiles produced by oxidative metabolism have been linked to a number of degenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cataract formation, and atherosclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for GSTA4. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = GSTA4 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of GSTA4, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr6:52,855,940–52,856,582 | 139.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 166 | |
| chr6:52,861,065–52,861,720 | 133.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 105 | |
| chr6:52,994,589–52,996,420 | 136 bp | At TSS Multiome | 1101 | |
| chr6:52,996,522–52,997,125 | 1.2 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 205 | |
| chr6:53,061,219–53,062,138 | 66.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 961 | |
| chr6:53,064,550–53,066,422 | 69.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 934 |
Genomic view of the GSTA4 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.