This gene is a member of the GLI-similar zinc finger protein family and encodes a nuclear protein with five C2H2-type zinc finger domains. This protein functions as both a repressor and activator of transcription and is specifically involved in the development of pancreatic beta cells, the thyroid, eye, liver and kidney. Mutations in this gene have been associated with neonatal diabetes and congenital hypothyroidism (NDH). Alternatively spliced variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described but the full-length nature of only two have been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for GLIS3. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = GLIS3 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of GLIS3, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr9:3,180,579–3,182,240 | 899.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 519 | |
| chr9:4,066,141–4,066,902 | 15.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 164 | |
| chr9:4,073,306–4,073,727 | 7.6 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 81 | |
| chr9:4,077,370–4,077,832 | 3.5 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 142 | |
| chr9:4,081,271–4,081,703 | at TSS | At TSS | 62 | |
| chr9:4,297,147–4,298,870 | 216.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 611 | |
| chr9:4,298,980–4,300,334 | 218.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 451 | |
| chr9:4,308,549–4,309,237 | 8.5 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 11 | |
| chr9:4,489,445–4,492,426 | 410.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 545 | |
| chr9:4,507,563–4,508,683 | 426.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 213 | |
| chr9:4,514,255–4,515,200 | 433.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 105 |
Genomic view of the GLIS3 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.