This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the disulfide-linked homodimer. The recombinant form of this protein, a highly conserved neurotrophic factor, was shown to promote the survival and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons in culture, and was able to prevent apoptosis of motor neurons induced by axotomy. This protein is a ligand for the product of the RET (rearranged during transfection) protooncogene. Mutations in this gene may be associated with Hirschsprung disease and Tourette syndrome. This gene encodes multiple protein isoforms that may undergo similar proteolytic processing. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for GDNF. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = GDNF upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of GDNF, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr5:37,825,596–37,825,783 | 9.1 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 83 | |
| chr5:37,834,208–37,835,503 | at TSS | At TSS | 201 | |
| chr5:37,836,271–37,837,978 | 1.4 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 423 | |
| chr5:37,838,156–37,841,110 | 5.5 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 656 | |
| chr5:37,843,417–37,844,859 | 9.2 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 71 | |
| chr5:37,846,934–37,847,283 | 6.9 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 30 | |
| chr5:37,848,023–37,848,439 | 8.0 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 250 | |
| chr5:37,849,536–37,849,692 | 9.5 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 11 |
Genomic view of the GDNF locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.