This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the disulfide-linked homodimer. This protein plays a role ocular and skeletal development. Mutations in this gene are associated with microphthalmia, coloboma, and skeletal abnormalities in human patients. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for GDF3. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = GDF3 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of GDF3, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr12:7,439,804–7,440,461 | 255.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 361 | |
| chr12:7,638,028–7,638,994 | 57.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 360 | |
| chr12:7,639,859–7,640,636 | 55.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 28 | |
| chr12:7,695,685–7,695,890 | at TSS | At TSS | 44 | |
| chr12:7,709,770–7,710,489 | 14.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 82 | |
| chr12:7,859,953–7,860,905 | 164.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 344 | |
| chr12:7,906,949–7,907,466 | 211.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 435 | |
| chr12:7,935,022–7,936,948 | 240.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 450 | |
| chr12:7,937,904–7,938,471 | 242.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 193 | |
| chr12:7,959,506–7,960,170 | 264.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 284 | |
| chr12:7,960,785–7,961,174 | 265.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 471 | |
| chr12:7,970,302–7,971,168 | 275.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 619 | |
| chr12:7,994,878–7,995,556 | 299.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 262 |
Genomic view of the GDF3 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.