CRY1
cryptochrome circadian regulator 1 | PHLL1

This gene encodes a flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding protein that is a key component of the circadian core oscillator complex, which regulates the circadian clock. This gene is upregulated by CLOCK/ARNTL heterodimers but then represses this upregulation in a feedback loop using PER/CRY heterodimers to interact with CLOCK/ARNTL. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with altered sleep patterns. The encoded protein is widely conserved across plants and animals. Loss of the related gene in mouse results in a shortened circadian cycle in complete darkness. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

Member of: DE-2 DE-2.3
Biological processes 73 terms
DNA (6-4) photolyase activity (GO:0003914)DNA binding (GO:0003677)DNA binding (GO:0003677)DNA-binding transcription factor binding (GO:0140297)E-box binding (GO:0070888)FAD binding (GO:0071949)blue light photoreceptor activity (GO:0009882)blue light signaling pathway (GO:0009785)circadian regulation of gene expression (GO:0032922)circadian regulation of gene expression (GO:0032922)circadian regulation of gene expression (GO:0032922)circadian rhythm (GO:0007623)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase activity (GO:0003904)double-stranded DNA binding (GO:0003690)double-stranded DNA binding (GO:0003690)entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod (GO:0043153)entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod (GO:0043153)entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod (GO:0043153)gluconeogenesis (GO:0006094)gluconeogenesis (GO:0006094)glucose homeostasis (GO:0042593)glucose homeostasis (GO:0042593)histone deacetylase binding (GO:0042826)kinase binding (GO:0019900)lipid storage (GO:0019915)mitochondrion (GO:0005739)negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045892)negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045892)negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045892)negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045892)negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0045744)negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0045744)negative regulation of circadian rhythm (GO:0042754)negative regulation of circadian rhythm (GO:0042754)negative regulation of glucocorticoid secretion (GO:2000850)negative regulation of gluconeogenesis (GO:0045721)negative regulation of gluconeogenesis (GO:0045721)negative regulation of nuclear receptor-mediated glucocorticoid signaling pathway (GO:2000323)negative regulation of nuclear receptor-mediated glucocorticoid signaling pathway (GO:2000323)negative regulation of protein ubiquitination (GO:0031397)negative regulation of protein ubiquitination (GO:0031397)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)nuclear receptor binding (GO:0016922)nuclear receptor binding (GO:0016922)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)phosphatase binding (GO:0019902)phosphatase binding (GO:0019902)positive regulation of gluconeogenesis (GO:0045722)positive regulation of protein ubiquitination (GO:0031398)positive regulation of protein ubiquitination (GO:0031398)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein kinase binding (GO:0019901)regulation of DNA damage checkpoint (GO:2000001)regulation of DNA damage checkpoint (GO:2000001)regulation of circadian rhythm (GO:0042752)regulation of circadian rhythm (GO:0042752)regulation of gluconeogenesis (GO:0006111)response to activity (GO:0014823)response to activity (GO:0014823)response to glucagon (GO:0033762)response to glucagon (GO:0033762)response to insulin (GO:0032868)response to light stimulus (GO:0009416)response to light stimulus (GO:0009416)signal transduction in response to DNA damage (GO:0042770)signal transduction in response to DNA damage (GO:0042770)
Expression (TPM)
CRY1 — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating CRY1 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for CRY1. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = CRY1 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to CRY1

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of CRY1, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr12:106,903,307–106,903,916 189.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 193
chr12:106,954,854–106,956,979 137.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 927
chr12:106,986,640–106,987,674 106.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 764
chr12:107,092,012–107,092,634 914 bp At TSS 402
chr12:107,092,776–107,094,398 267 bp At TSS Multiome 884
chr12:107,122,282–107,122,891 29.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 88
chr12:107,317,739–107,321,052 224.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 752

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the CRY1 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr12:106,893,307 – 107,331,052
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq