ACTB
actin beta

This gene encodes one of six different actin proteins. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure, integrity, and intercellular signaling. The encoded protein is a major constituent of the contractile apparatus and one of the two nonmuscle cytoskeletal actins that are ubiquitously expressed. Mutations in this gene cause Baraitser-Winter syndrome 1, which is characterized by intellectual disability with a distinctive facial appearance in human patients. Numerous pseudogenes of this gene have been identified throughout the human genome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

Member of: DE-4 DE-4.1 Developmental clusters: GC2
Biological processes 110 terms
ATP hydrolysis activity (GO:0016887)NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex (GO:0035267)NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex (GO:0035267)Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse (GO:0098685)Tat protein binding (GO:0030957)actin cytoskeleton (GO:0015629)actin cytoskeleton (GO:0015629)actin filament (GO:0005884)adherens junction (GO:0005912)adherens junction assembly (GO:0034333)apical junction complex (GO:0043296)apical protein localization (GO:0045176)axon (GO:0030424)axonogenesis (GO:0007409)blood microparticle (GO:0072562)brush border (GO:0005903)calyx of Held (GO:0044305)cell motility (GO:0048870)cell motility (GO:0048870)cell-cell junction (GO:0005911)cellular response to cytochalasin B (GO:0072749)chromatin (GO:0000785)chromatin (GO:0000785)chromatin remodeling (GO:0006338)chromatin remodeling (GO:0006338)cortical cytoskeleton (GO:0030863)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule (GO:0036464)cytoskeleton (GO:0005856)cytoskeleton (GO:0005856)cytoskeleton (GO:0005856)cytoskeleton (GO:0005856)cytoskeleton organization (GO:0007010)cytosol (GO:0005829)cytosol (GO:0005829)dense body (GO:0097433)establishment or maintenance of cell polarity (GO:0007163)extracellular exosome (GO:0070062)extracellular region (GO:0005576)focal adhesion (GO:0005925)glutamatergic synapse (GO:0098978)glutamatergic synapse (GO:0098978)glutamatergic synapse (GO:0098978)identical protein binding (GO:0042802)kinesin binding (GO:0019894)kinetochore (GO:0000776)lamellipodium (GO:0030027)maintenance of blood-brain barrier (GO:0035633)membrane (GO:0016020)membrane (GO:0016020)microtubule nucleation (GO:0007020)morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium (GO:0001738)negative regulation of cell differentiation (GO:0045596)nitric-oxide synthase binding (GO:0050998)nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity (GO:0030235)nuclear matrix (GO:0016363)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleosomal DNA binding (GO:0031492)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)platelet aggregation (GO:0070527)positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893)positive regulation of T cell differentiation (GO:0045582)positive regulation of cell differentiation (GO:0045597)positive regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008284)positive regulation of double-strand break repair (GO:2000781)positive regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination (GO:1905168)positive regulation of myoblast differentiation (GO:0045663)positive regulation of norepinephrine uptake (GO:0051623)positive regulation of stem cell population maintenance (GO:1902459)postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton (GO:0098871)postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton (GO:0098871)postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton organization (GO:0098974)presynapse (GO:0098793)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein kinase binding (GO:0019901)protein kinase binding (GO:0019901)protein localization to adherens junction (GO:0071896)protein-containing complex (GO:0032991)protein-containing complex (GO:0032991)regulation of G0 to G1 transition (GO:0070316)regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle (GO:2000045)regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0042981)regulation of cell cycle (GO:0051726)regulation of double-strand break repair (GO:2000779)regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition (GO:0030071)regulation of norepinephrine uptake (GO:0051621)regulation of norepinephrine uptake (GO:0051621)regulation of nucleotide-excision repair (GO:2000819)regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane (GO:1903076)regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis (GO:1900242)regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357)regulation of transepithelial transport (GO:0150111)ribonucleoprotein complex (GO:1990904)structural constituent of cytoskeleton (GO:0005200)structural constituent of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton (GO:0098973)structural constituent of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton (GO:0098973)structural constituent of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton (GO:0098973)structural constituent of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton (GO:0098973)substantia nigra development (GO:0021762)synapse (GO:0045202)tau protein binding (GO:0048156)tight junction (GO:0070160)transporter regulator activity (GO:0141108)vesicle (GO:0031982)
Expression (TPM)
ACTB — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating ACTB 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for ACTB. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = ACTB upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to ACTB

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of ACTB, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr7:5,240,214–5,240,895 289.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 613
chr7:5,296,049–5,297,455 233.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 191
chr7:5,401,296–5,401,948 128.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 104
chr7:5,406,932–5,408,289 122.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 281
chr7:5,412,740–5,413,653 116.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 341
chr7:5,417,700–5,419,525 111.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 714
chr7:5,423,102–5,425,439 105.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 834
chr7:5,426,416–5,429,142 103.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 1072
chr7:5,450,591–5,451,143 79.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 306
chr7:5,486,725–5,487,360 42.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 621
chr7:5,494,650–5,495,099 35.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 515
chr7:5,513,480–5,514,175 16.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 815
chr7:5,521,099–5,521,586 8.4 kb Proximal (<10kb) 105
chr7:5,522,168–5,524,589 5.4 kb Proximal (<10kb) 322
chr7:5,524,684–5,527,073 3.4 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 736
chr7:5,529,088–5,532,313 18 bp At TSS Multiome 1081
chr7:5,532,482–5,533,058 2.5 kb Proximal (<10kb) 404
chr7:5,554,765–5,555,676 25.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 643
chr7:5,555,801–5,557,053 26.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 807
chr7:5,558,744–5,559,347 29.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 525
chr7:5,562,000–5,564,024 32.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 859
chr7:5,569,367–5,570,943 40.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 694
chr7:5,574,238–5,575,433 45.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 447
chr7:5,591,580–5,596,769 62.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 1056
chr7:5,606,973–5,608,439 77.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 322
chr7:5,781,073–5,781,919 251.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 696
chr7:5,822,727–5,823,386 293.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 650

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the ACTB locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr7:5,230,214 – 5,833,386
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq