The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, and is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) system. Three thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) isozymes are found in mammals. TrxRs are selenocysteine-containing flavoenzymes, which reduce thioredoxins, as well as other substrates, and play a key role in redox homoeostasis. This gene encodes an ubiquitously expressed, cytosolic form of TrxR, which functions as a homodimer containing FAD, and selenocysteine (Sec) at the active site. Sec is encoded by UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternative splicing, primarily at the 5' end, results in transcript variants encoding same or different isoforms, including a glutaredoxin-containing isoform that is predominantly expressed in testis. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for TXNRD1. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = TXNRD1 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of TXNRD1, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr12:104,049,717–104,050,283 | 236.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 295 | |
| chr12:104,063,714–104,065,209 | 222.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 950 | |
| chr12:104,137,119–104,139,117 | 148.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 796 | |
| chr12:104,154,657–104,155,425 | 132.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 127 | |
| chr12:104,215,473–104,216,381 | 71.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 514 | |
| chr12:104,286,560–104,287,505 | 17 bp | At TSS Multiome | 878 | |
| chr12:104,287,599–104,287,841 | 610 bp | At TSS | 208 | |
| chr12:104,288,643–104,289,175 | 1.9 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 863 | |
| chr12:104,292,165–104,292,420 | 5.2 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 126 | |
| chr12:104,294,298–104,294,440 | 7.3 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 13 | |
| chr12:104,303,321–104,304,194 | 16.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 316 | |
| chr12:104,408,645–104,409,206 | 121.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 348 | |
| chr12:104,414,328–104,416,462 | 127.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 437 | |
| chr12:104,456,290–104,458,686 | 169.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 684 | |
| chr12:104,578,451–104,579,185 | 291.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 184 | |
| chr12:105,107,164–105,108,312 | 820.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 1033 |
Genomic view of the TXNRD1 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.