The protein encoded by this gene is highly conserved and is involved in cell survival after damage or stress, increase in DNA polymerase epsilon activity, maintenance of telomere length, and epithelial cell morphogenesis. The encoded protein also plays a role in the circadian rhythm autoregulatory loop, interacting with the PERIOD genes (PER1, PER2, and PER3) and others to downregulate activation of PER1 by CLOCK/ARNTL. Changes in this gene or its expression may promote prostate cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and mental disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for TIMELESS. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = TIMELESS upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of TIMELESS, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr12:56,151,724–56,153,003 | 296.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 830 | |
| chr12:56,157,307–56,159,499 | 291.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1008 | |
| chr12:56,188,836–56,190,865 | 259.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 954 | |
| chr12:56,221,094–56,222,691 | 227.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 884 | |
| chr12:56,222,996–56,223,487 | 226.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 38 | |
| chr12:56,223,843–56,224,800 | 225.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 765 | |
| chr12:56,257,471–56,258,774 | 191.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 710 | |
| chr12:56,266,608–56,267,683 | 182.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 857 | |
| chr12:56,299,744–56,300,865 | 149.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 923 | |
| chr12:56,315,380–56,316,674 | 133.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 934 | |
| chr12:56,333,366–56,334,588 | 115.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 853 | |
| chr12:56,359,808–56,360,881 | 89.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 860 | |
| chr12:56,448,848–56,449,756 | 135 bp | At TSS Multiome | 920 | |
| chr12:56,468,239–56,468,840 | 19.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 907 | |
| chr12:56,487,633–56,488,590 | 38.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 784 | |
| chr12:56,629,725–56,630,674 | 180.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 759 | |
| chr12:56,633,838–56,637,505 | 185.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1037 | |
| chr12:56,645,530–56,646,466 | 196.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 902 | |
| chr12:56,687,276–56,689,898 | 240.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1162 | |
| chr12:56,724,695–56,725,713 | 275.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 972 |
Genomic view of the TIMELESS locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.