TBX1
T-box transcription factor 1 | CATCH22, VCF

This gene is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of genes that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. This gene product shares 98% amino acid sequence identity with the mouse ortholog. DiGeorge syndrome (DGS)/velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), a common congenital disorder characterized by neural-crest-related developmental defects, has been associated with deletions of chromosome 22q11.2, where this gene has been mapped. Studies using mouse models of DiGeorge syndrome suggest a major role for this gene in the molecular etiology of DGS/VCFS. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Member of: DE-5 DE-5.3
Biological processes 82 terms
DNA binding (GO:0003677)DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0003700)DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981)DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981)RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978)RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978)anatomical structure morphogenesis (GO:0009653)angiogenesis (GO:0001525)anterior/posterior pattern specification (GO:0009952)aorta morphogenesis (GO:0035909)artery morphogenesis (GO:0048844)blood vessel development (GO:0001568)blood vessel morphogenesis (GO:0048514)cell fate specification (GO:0001708)cell fate specification (GO:0001708)cell population proliferation (GO:0008283)cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus (GO:0044344)cellular response to retinoic acid (GO:0071300)chromatin (GO:0000785)chromatin (GO:0000785)cochlea morphogenesis (GO:0090103)coronary artery morphogenesis (GO:0060982)determination of left/right symmetry (GO:0007368)ear morphogenesis (GO:0042471)embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis (GO:0048701)embryonic viscerocranium morphogenesis (GO:0048703)enamel mineralization (GO:0070166)epithelial cell differentiation (GO:0030855)face morphogenesis (GO:0060325)heart development (GO:0007507)heart morphogenesis (GO:0003007)inner ear morphogenesis (GO:0042472)lymph vessel development (GO:0001945)mesenchymal cell apoptotic process (GO:0097152)mesoderm development (GO:0007498)middle ear morphogenesis (GO:0042474)muscle cell fate commitment (GO:0042693)muscle organ development (GO:0007517)muscle organ morphogenesis (GO:0048644)muscle tissue morphogenesis (GO:0060415)negative regulation of cell differentiation (GO:0045596)negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process (GO:2001054)neural crest cell migration (GO:0001755)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth (GO:0042475)outer ear morphogenesis (GO:0042473)outflow tract morphogenesis (GO:0003151)outflow tract septum morphogenesis (GO:0003148)parathyroid gland development (GO:0060017)pattern specification process (GO:0007389)pharyngeal system development (GO:0060037)positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893)positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893)positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893)positive regulation of MAPK cascade (GO:0043410)positive regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008284)positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation (GO:0050679)positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation (GO:0002053)positive regulation of protein phosphorylation (GO:0001934)positive regulation of tongue muscle cell differentiation (GO:2001037)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein dimerization activity (GO:0046983)protein homodimerization activity (GO:0042803)regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355)regulation of animal organ morphogenesis (GO:2000027)regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357)regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357)regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357)retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway (GO:0048384)semicircular canal morphogenesis (GO:0048752)sensory perception of sound (GO:0007605)sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0043565)sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding (GO:1990837)social behavior (GO:0035176)soft palate development (GO:0060023)somatic stem cell population maintenance (GO:0035019)thymus development (GO:0048538)thyroid gland development (GO:0030878)tongue morphogenesis (GO:0043587)vagus nerve morphogenesis (GO:0021644)
Expression (TPM)
TBX1 — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating TBX1 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for TBX1. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = TBX1 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to TBX1

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of TBX1, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr22:19,478,898–19,480,311 279.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 867
chr22:19,523,289–19,524,793 235.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 242
chr22:19,717,840–19,718,731 41.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 592
chr22:19,723,413–19,724,584 35.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 572
chr22:19,730,516–19,731,296 28.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 743
chr22:19,765,840–19,766,429 6.7 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 174
chr22:19,854,381–19,855,705 95.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 1014
chr22:19,891,576–19,892,031 132.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 631
chr22:19,959,058–19,959,828 200.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 576
chr22:19,962,339–19,962,798 203.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 442
chr22:19,986,350–19,987,426 227.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 539
chr22:20,016,068–20,017,437 257.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 640
chr22:20,020,662–20,021,745 261.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 718

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the TBX1 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr22:19,468,898 – 20,031,745
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq