SPHK2
sphingosine kinase 2

This gene encodes one of two sphingosine kinase isozymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of sphingosine into sphingosine 1-phosphate. Sphingosine 1-phosphate mediates many cellular processes including migration, proliferation and apoptosis, and also plays a role in several types of cancer by promoting angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. The encoded protein may play a role in breast cancer proliferation and chemoresistance. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

Member of: DE-5 Developmental clusters: GC7
Biological processes 75 terms
cellular response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate (GO:1904628)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytosol (GO:0005829)cytosol (GO:0005829)cytosol (GO:0005829)endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783)endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783)female pregnancy (GO:0007565)histone binding (GO:0042393)intracellular membrane-bounded organelle (GO:0043231)intracellular signal transduction (GO:0035556)intracellular signal transduction (GO:0035556)kinase activity (GO:0016301)lipid kinase activity (GO:0001727)lysosomal membrane (GO:0005765)lysosomal membrane (GO:0005765)membrane (GO:0016020)membrane (GO:0016020)mitochondrial inner membrane (GO:0005743)mitochondrion (GO:0005739)mitochondrion (GO:0005739)negative regulation of cell growth (GO:0030308)negative regulation of cell growth (GO:0030308)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleosome (GO:0000786)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)positive regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043065)positive regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043065)positive regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043065)positive regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process (GO:2000304)positive regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process (GO:2000304)positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response (GO:0002720)positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response (GO:0002720)positive regulation of interleukin-13 production (GO:0032736)positive regulation of interleukin-13 production (GO:0032736)positive regulation of interleukin-6 production (GO:0032755)positive regulation of interleukin-6 production (GO:0032755)positive regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response (GO:0033008)positive regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response (GO:0033008)positive regulation of mast cell degranulation (GO:0043306)positive regulation of mast cell degranulation (GO:0043306)positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production (GO:0032760)positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production (GO:0032760)protein binding (GO:0005515)regulation of ATP biosynthetic process (GO:2001169)regulation of ATP biosynthetic process (GO:2001169)regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0042981)regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0043122)regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0043122)regulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity (GO:1904959)regulation of lipid metabolic process (GO:0019216)regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process (GO:1903426)regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process (GO:1903426)regulation of transport (GO:0051049)small GTPase binding (GO:0031267)sphinganine-1-phosphate biosynthetic process (GO:0006669)sphinganine-1-phosphate biosynthetic process (GO:0006669)sphinganine-1-phosphate biosynthetic process (GO:0006669)sphingolipid biosynthetic process (GO:0030148)sphingosine biosynthetic process (GO:0046512)sphingosine biosynthetic process (GO:0046512)sphingosine biosynthetic process (GO:0046512)sphingosine biosynthetic process (GO:0046512)sphingosine kinase activity (GO:0008481)sphingosine kinase activity (GO:0008481)sphingosine kinase activity (GO:0008481)sphingosine metabolic process (GO:0006670)sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor activity (GO:0038036)sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor activity (GO:0038036)sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway (GO:0003376)transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling (GO:0045815)
Expression (TPM)
SPHK2 — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating SPHK2 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for SPHK2. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = SPHK2 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to SPHK2

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of SPHK2, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr19:48,320,062–48,322,328 297.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 826
chr19:48,330,094–48,330,787 289.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 460
chr19:48,332,701–48,333,506 286.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 615
chr19:48,333,584–48,334,372 285.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 554
chr19:48,363,062–48,364,710 255.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 940
chr19:48,390,663–48,391,935 227.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 816
chr19:48,397,916–48,399,301 220.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 619
chr19:48,399,411–48,400,900 218.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 548
chr19:48,414,121–48,416,085 203.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 298
chr19:48,445,379–48,446,456 173.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 845
chr19:48,468,758–48,470,027 150.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 860
chr19:48,490,661–48,494,449 127.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 633
chr19:48,500,898–48,503,050 117.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 656
chr19:48,510,624–48,511,212 108.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 268
chr19:48,513,480–48,514,294 105.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 585
chr19:48,614,318–48,615,255 4.4 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 524
chr19:48,618,726–48,619,869 70 bp At TSS Multiome 1012
chr19:48,623,839–48,624,688 4.9 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 529
chr19:48,629,369–48,631,306 10.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 402
chr19:48,634,242–48,636,244 16.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 868
chr19:48,636,802–48,639,603 19.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 956
chr19:48,645,454–48,647,163 27.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 750
chr19:48,675,421–48,675,873 56.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 415
chr19:48,695,830–48,697,033 76.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 253
chr19:48,713,646–48,714,846 95.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 719
chr19:48,716,551–48,717,038 97.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 241
chr19:48,720,420–48,721,301 101.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 689
chr19:48,735,001–48,735,602 116.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 161
chr19:48,738,441–48,739,812 119.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 743
chr19:48,741,194–48,741,939 122.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 350
chr19:48,746,830–48,747,395 127.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 402
chr19:48,752,314–48,753,547 133.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 545
chr19:48,795,165–48,795,736 176.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 724
chr19:48,806,734–48,807,478 187.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 452
chr19:48,810,774–48,811,494 191.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 662
chr19:48,812,048–48,813,099 193.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 603
chr19:48,829,998–48,830,690 211.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 55
chr19:48,835,571–48,838,073 216.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 621
chr19:48,872,000–48,873,835 253.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 987
chr19:48,895,958–48,896,628 277.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 207
chr19:48,899,782–48,900,620 280.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 710

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the SPHK2 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr19:48,310,062 – 48,910,620
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq
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