The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor that binds to GC-rich motifs of many promoters. The encoded protein is involved in many cellular processes, including cell differentiation, cell growth, apoptosis, immune responses, response to DNA damage, and chromatin remodeling. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, and proteolytic processing significantly affect the activity of this protein, which can be an activator or a repressor. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for SP1. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = SP1 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of SP1, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr12:53,097,544–53,098,160 | 282.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 515 | |
| chr12:53,174,900–53,175,484 | 204.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 474 | |
| chr12:53,179,987–53,181,456 | 199.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 930 | |
| chr12:53,219,787–53,222,151 | 159.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 828 | |
| chr12:53,231,703–53,233,098 | 147.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 464 | |
| chr12:53,251,461–53,252,566 | 128.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 825 | |
| chr12:53,268,046–53,268,600 | 111.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 709 | |
| chr12:53,295,142–53,295,823 | 84.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 706 | |
| chr12:53,299,515–53,300,187 | 80.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 849 | |
| chr12:53,321,051–53,322,029 | 58.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 935 | |
| chr12:53,324,682–53,326,037 | 55.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 840 | |
| chr12:53,344,427–53,345,660 | 35.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 645 | |
| chr12:53,370,910–53,371,893 | 8.8 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 861 | |
| chr12:53,378,839–53,381,297 | 373 bp | At TSS Multiome | 895 | |
| chr12:53,381,689–53,382,262 | 1.9 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 264 | |
| chr12:53,421,253–53,422,044 | 41.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 431 | |
| chr12:53,440,979–53,441,838 | 61.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 779 | |
| chr12:53,451,563–53,453,067 | 71.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 999 | |
| chr12:53,492,147–53,494,149 | 113.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 702 | |
| chr12:53,498,714–53,500,111 | 119.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 454 | |
| chr12:53,500,242–53,501,839 | 120.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1010 | |
| chr12:53,625,664–53,626,787 | 246.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 880 | |
| chr12:53,675,553–53,677,839 | 295.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1104 |
Genomic view of the SP1 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.