SOX2
SRY-box transcription factor 2

This intronless gene encodes a member of the SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of cell fate. The product of this gene is required for stem-cell maintenance in the central nervous system, and also regulates gene expression in the stomach. Mutations in this gene have been associated with optic nerve hypoplasia and with syndromic microphthalmia, a severe form of structural eye malformation. This gene lies within an intron of another gene called SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Developmental clusters: GC5
Biological processes 58 terms
DNA binding (GO:0003677)DNA binding (GO:0003677)DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001228)DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001228)DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0003700)DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0003700)DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981)RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978)brain development (GO:0007420)chromatin (GO:0000785)chromatin organization (GO:0006325)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytosol (GO:0005829)endodermal cell fate specification (GO:0001714)eye development (GO:0001654)forebrain development (GO:0030900)forebrain development (GO:0030900)glial cell fate commitment (GO:0021781)inner ear development (GO:0048839)inner ear development (GO:0048839)miRNA binding (GO:0035198)negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0090090)negative regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition (GO:1902807)negative regulation of neuron differentiation (GO:0045665)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)neuron differentiation (GO:0030182)neuronal stem cell population maintenance (GO:0097150)nuclear speck (GO:0016607)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)osteoblast differentiation (GO:0001649)pituitary gland development (GO:0021983)positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893)positive regulation of MAPK cascade (GO:0043410)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)protein binding (GO:0005515)regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355)regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355)regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355)regulation of gene expression (GO:0010468)response to growth factor (GO:0070848)response to wounding (GO:0009611)sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0043565)somatic stem cell population maintenance (GO:0035019)somatic stem cell population maintenance (GO:0035019)transcription cis-regulatory region binding (GO:0000976)transcription cis-regulatory region binding (GO:0000976)transcription regulator complex (GO:0005667)
Expression (TPM)
SOX2 — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating SOX2 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for SOX2. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = SOX2 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to SOX2

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of SOX2, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr3:181,694,870–181,696,497 16.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 327
chr3:181,700,134–181,701,495 11.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 431
chr3:181,701,594–181,702,555 9.4 kb Proximal (<10kb) 283
chr3:181,704,516–181,705,421 7.0 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 135
chr3:181,707,992–181,708,401 3.5 kb Proximal (<10kb) 140
chr3:181,709,626–181,710,028 1.9 kb Proximal (<10kb) 249
chr3:181,710,172–181,713,363 171 bp At TSS Multiome 617
chr3:181,715,499–181,716,222 3.6 kb Proximal (<10kb) 231
chr3:181,719,364–181,719,952 7.4 kb Proximal (<10kb) 89
chr3:181,725,481–181,728,258 14.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 336
chr3:181,756,093–181,757,255 44.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 218
chr3:181,858,761–181,860,940 148.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 302
chr3:181,943,123–181,943,852 231.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 135
chr3:182,139,755–182,140,412 428.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 141
chr3:182,180,388–182,181,238 468.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 222
chr3:182,284,560–182,285,367 573.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 259
chr3:182,682,115–182,683,252 970.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 512

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the SOX2 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr3:181,684,870 – 182,693,252
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq