The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes one of the non-ATPase subunits of the 19S regulator lid. Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 10 and 21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for PSMD4. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = PSMD4 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of PSMD4, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr1:150,973,876–150,975,458 | 279.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 590 | |
| chr1:150,979,331–150,979,990 | 275.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 562 | |
| chr1:150,981,212–150,981,672 | 273.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 379 | |
| chr1:151,006,389–151,007,024 | 248.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 496 | |
| chr1:151,008,116–151,008,852 | 246.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 763 | |
| chr1:151,047,405–151,048,764 | 206.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 714 | |
| chr1:151,059,187–151,059,842 | 195.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 821 | |
| chr1:151,060,204–151,060,723 | 194.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 346 | |
| chr1:151,070,369–151,071,463 | 183.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 835 | |
| chr1:151,131,105–151,132,256 | 123.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 247 | |
| chr1:151,145,115–151,147,333 | 108.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 709 | |
| chr1:151,165,133–151,166,350 | 88.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 940 | |
| chr1:151,189,687–151,190,378 | 64.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 875 | |
| chr1:151,198,185–151,199,073 | 56.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 721 | |
| chr1:151,254,421–151,255,083 | 9 bp | At TSS Multiome | 770 | |
| chr1:151,281,008–151,283,557 | 26.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1121 | |
| chr1:151,327,019–151,328,343 | 72.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 719 | |
| chr1:151,346,796–151,347,793 | 92.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 711 | |
| chr1:151,399,359–151,400,043 | 144.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 776 | |
| chr1:151,458,247–151,459,879 | 204.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 796 | |
| chr1:151,491,747–151,492,512 | 237.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 146 | |
| chr1:151,502,459–151,503,303 | 248.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 99 | |
| chr1:151,510,863–151,512,136 | 256.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 640 | |
| chr1:151,539,661–151,541,320 | 285.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 830 |
Genomic view of the PSMD4 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.