The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulator. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 3. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for PSMD12. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = PSMD12 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of PSMD12, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr17:67,244,560–67,246,439 | 120.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 883 | |
| chr17:67,246,551–67,247,087 | 119.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 607 | |
| chr17:67,290,779–67,291,459 | 75.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 168 | |
| chr17:67,322,116–67,322,669 | 44.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 109 | |
| chr17:67,334,311–67,335,152 | 31.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 133 | |
| chr17:67,366,174–67,366,796 | 33 bp | At TSS Multiome | 985 | |
| chr17:67,374,722–67,375,099 | 8.1 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 413 | |
| chr17:67,376,724–67,379,389 | 10.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 959 | |
| chr17:67,752,011–67,752,512 | 385.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 77 | |
| chr17:68,033,975–68,034,637 | 667.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 288 | |
| chr17:68,035,094–68,036,341 | 669.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 1009 |
Genomic view of the PSMD12 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.