The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes the largest non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulator lid, which is responsible for substrate recognition and binding. There is evidence that this proteasome and its subunits interact with viral proteins, including those of coronaviruses. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for PSMD1. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = PSMD1 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of PSMD1, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr2:230,849,764–230,850,557 | 206.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 238 | |
| chr2:230,864,158–230,866,508 | 192.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 798 | |
| chr2:230,870,556–230,871,541 | 185.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 223 | |
| chr2:230,902,219–230,902,930 | 154.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 248 | |
| chr2:230,987,027–230,987,549 | 69.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 571 | |
| chr2:231,037,208–231,038,499 | 19.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 457 | |
| chr2:231,052,341–231,053,359 | 3.9 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 810 | |
| chr2:231,056,470–231,057,439 | 116 bp | At TSS Multiome | 821 | |
| chr2:231,189,962–231,191,188 | 133.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 358 | |
| chr2:231,198,151–231,199,150 | 141.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 760 | |
| chr2:231,297,093–231,297,547 | 240.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 344 | |
| chr2:231,337,851–231,338,311 | 281.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 58 |
Genomic view of the PSMD1 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.