PRKN
parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase | AR-JP, PDJ, parkin, PARK2

The precise function of this gene is unknown; however, the encoded protein is a component of a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that mediates the targeting of substrate proteins for proteasomal degradation. Mutations in this gene are known to cause Parkinson disease and autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease. Alternative splicing of this gene produces multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Additional splice variants of this gene have been described but currently lack transcript support. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Member of: DE-3 DE-3.3
Biological processes 241 terms
ERAD pathway (GO:0036503)F-box domain binding (GO:1990444)G protein-coupled receptor binding (GO:0001664)Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794)Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794)Golgi membrane (GO:0000139)Hsp70 protein binding (GO:0030544)Lewy body (GO:0097413)PDZ domain binding (GO:0030165)Parkin-FBXW7-Cul1 ubiquitin ligase complex (GO:1990452)SCF ubiquitin ligase complex (GO:0019005)SH3 domain binding (GO:0017124)actin binding (GO:0003779)adult locomotory behavior (GO:0008344)aggresome (GO:0016235)aggresome assembly (GO:0070842)amyloid fibril formation (GO:1990000)autophagy of mitochondrion (GO:0000422)autophagy of mitochondrion (GO:0000422)axon (GO:0030424)beta-catenin binding (GO:0008013)cellular response to L-glutamate (GO:1905232)cellular response to L-glutamine (GO:1904845)cellular response to dopamine (GO:1903351)cellular response to hydrogen sulfide (GO:1904881)cellular response to manganese ion (GO:0071287)cellular response to manganese ion (GO:0071287)cellular response to oxidative stress (GO:0034599)cellular response to oxidative stress (GO:0034599)cellular response to toxic substance (GO:0097237)cellular response to toxic substance (GO:0097237)cellular response to unfolded protein (GO:0034620)central nervous system development (GO:0007417)cullin family protein binding (GO:0097602)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytosol (GO:0005829)cytosol (GO:0005829)cytosol (GO:0005829)cytosol (GO:0005829)cytosol (GO:0005829)dopamine metabolic process (GO:0042417)dopaminergic synapse (GO:0098691)endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783)endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783)endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783)endoplasmic reticulum membrane (GO:0005789)enzyme binding (GO:0019899)free ubiquitin chain polymerization (GO:0010994)glutamatergic synapse (GO:0098978)heat shock protein binding (GO:0031072)histone deacetylase binding (GO:0042826)host-mediated suppression of viral genome replication (GO:0044828)identical protein binding (GO:0042802)intracellular vesicle (GO:0097708)kinase binding (GO:0019900)macroautophagy (GO:0016236)mitochondrial fission (GO:0000266)mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptotic process (GO:0043653)mitochondrial outer membrane (GO:0005741)mitochondrial outer membrane (GO:0005741)mitochondrion (GO:0005739)mitochondrion (GO:0005739)mitochondrion (GO:0005739)mitochondrion (GO:0005739)mitochondrion (GO:0005739)mitochondrion localization (GO:0051646)mitochondrion organization (GO:0007005)mitochondrion to lysosome vesicle-mediated transport (GO:0099074)mitochondrion-derived vesicle (GO:0099073)mitophagy (GO:0000423)mitophagy (GO:0000423)mitophagy (GO:0000423)modulation of chemical synaptic transmission (GO:0050804)modulation of chemical synaptic transmission (GO:0050804)negative regulation of JNK cascade (GO:0046329)negative regulation of actin filament bundle assembly (GO:0032232)negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0090090)negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0090090)negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:1902236)negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:1902236)negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:1902236)negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:1903382)negative regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential (GO:0090394)negative regulation of exosomal secretion (GO:1903542)negative regulation of gene expression (GO:0010629)negative regulation of glucokinase activity (GO:0033132)negative regulation of insulin secretion (GO:0046676)negative regulation of intralumenal vesicle formation (GO:1905366)negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator (GO:1902254)negative regulation of mitochondrial fission (GO:0090258)negative regulation of mitochondrial fusion (GO:0010637)negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process (GO:0043524)negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process (GO:0043524)negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:1903377)negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:1903377)negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process (GO:1903427)negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process (GO:2000378)negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria (GO:0090201)negative regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion (GO:1904049)negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic (GO:0051967)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)neuron cellular homeostasis (GO:0070050)neuron projection (GO:0043005)neuron projection (GO:0043005)neuronal cell body (GO:0043025)nuclear speck (GO:0016607)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)perinuclear region of cytoplasm (GO:0048471)perinuclear region of cytoplasm (GO:0048471)phospholipase binding (GO:0043274)positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process (GO:2001171)positive regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043065)positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0043123)positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0043123)positive regulation of catabolic process (GO:0009896)positive regulation of dendrite extension (GO:1903861)positive regulation of gene expression (GO:0010628)positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus (GO:0035774)positive regulation of mitochondrial fission (GO:0090141)positive regulation of mitochondrial fusion (GO:0010636)positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential (GO:0010918)positive regulation of mitophagy (GO:1901526)positive regulation of mitophagy (GO:1901526)positive regulation of neurotransmitter uptake (GO:0051582)positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process (GO:1901800)positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process (GO:0032436)positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process (GO:0032436)positive regulation of protein catabolic process (GO:0045732)positive regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination (GO:1902530)positive regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination (GO:1902530)positive regulation of protein localization to membrane (GO:1905477)positive regulation of protein localization to membrane (GO:1905477)positive regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi (GO:1905281)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway (GO:1903265)positive regulation of type 2 mitophagy (GO:1905091)positive regulation of type 2 mitophagy (GO:1905091)postsynapse (GO:0098794)postsynaptic density (GO:0014069)presynapse (GO:0098793)proteasomal protein catabolic process (GO:0010498)proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process (GO:0043161)protein K11-linked ubiquitination (GO:0070979)protein K27-linked ubiquitination (GO:0044314)protein K27-linked ubiquitination (GO:0044314)protein K29-linked ubiquitination (GO:0035519)protein K48-linked ubiquitination (GO:0070936)protein K6-linked ubiquitination (GO:0085020)protein K6-linked ubiquitination (GO:0085020)protein K63-linked ubiquitination (GO:0070534)protein K63-linked ubiquitination (GO:0070534)protein K63-linked ubiquitination (GO:0070534)protein autoubiquitination (GO:0051865)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein catabolic process (GO:0030163)protein destabilization (GO:0031648)protein destabilization (GO:0031648)protein deubiquitination (GO:0016579)protein kinase binding (GO:0019901)protein kinase binding (GO:0019901)protein localization to mitochondrion (GO:0070585)protein monoubiquitination (GO:0006513)protein monoubiquitination (GO:0006513)protein polyubiquitination (GO:0000209)protein polyubiquitination (GO:0000209)protein stabilization (GO:0050821)protein ubiquitination (GO:0016567)protein ubiquitination (GO:0016567)protein ubiquitination (GO:0016567)protein-containing complex (GO:0032991)protein-containing complex binding (GO:0044877)protein-containing complex binding (GO:0044877)protein-folding chaperone binding (GO:0051087)regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis (GO:0022603)regulation of autophagy (GO:0010506)regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0060828)regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress (GO:1900407)regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress (GO:1900407)regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress (GO:1900407)regulation of dopamine metabolic process (GO:0042053)regulation of dopamine secretion (GO:0014059)regulation of glucose metabolic process (GO:0010906)regulation of lipid transport (GO:0032368)regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential (GO:0051881)regulation of mitochondrion organization (GO:0010821)regulation of mitochondrion organization (GO:0010821)regulation of mitochondrion organization (GO:0010821)regulation of necroptotic process (GO:0060544)regulation of postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels (GO:0099072)regulation of protein localization to mitochondrion (GO:1903747)regulation of protein stability (GO:0031647)regulation of protein ubiquitination (GO:0031396)regulation of protein ubiquitination (GO:0031396)regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process (GO:2000377)regulation of secretion by cell (GO:1903530)regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis (GO:1900242)regulation of synaptic vesicle transport (GO:1902803)regulation protein catabolic process at presynapse (GO:0140251)response to corticosterone (GO:0051412)response to curcumin (GO:1904643)response to endoplasmic reticulum stress (GO:0034976)response to endoplasmic reticulum stress (GO:0034976)response to muscle activity (GO:0014850)response to oxidative stress (GO:0006979)response to unfolded protein (GO:0006986)response to xenobiotic stimulus (GO:0009410)synapse (GO:0045202)synaptic vesicle (GO:0008021)synaptic vesicle membrane (GO:0030672)terminal bouton (GO:0043195)transcription corepressor activity (GO:0003714)tubulin binding (GO:0015631)type 2 mitophagy (GO:0061734)ubiquitin binding (GO:0043130)ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding (GO:0031624)ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding (GO:0031624)ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding (GO:0031624)ubiquitin ligase complex (GO:0000151)ubiquitin ligase complex (GO:0000151)ubiquitin protein ligase activity (GO:0061630)ubiquitin protein ligase activity (GO:0061630)ubiquitin protein ligase activity (GO:0061630)ubiquitin protein ligase activity (GO:0061630)ubiquitin protein ligase activity (GO:0061630)ubiquitin protein ligase activity (GO:0061630)ubiquitin protein ligase binding (GO:0031625)ubiquitin protein ligase binding (GO:0031625)ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process (GO:0006511)ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process (GO:0006511)ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process (GO:0006511)ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process (GO:0006511)ubiquitin-protein transferase activity (GO:0004842)ubiquitin-protein transferase activity (GO:0004842)ubiquitin-protein transferase activity (GO:0004842)ubiquitin-protein transferase activity (GO:0004842)ubiquitin-specific protease binding (GO:1990381)zinc ion binding (GO:0008270)zinc ion binding (GO:0008270)
Expression (TPM)
PRKN — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating PRKN 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for PRKN. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = PRKN upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to PRKN

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of PRKN, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr6:162,727,091–162,728,592 56 bp At TSS Multiome 881
chr6:162,733,549–162,733,753 5.9 kb Proximal (<10kb) 16
chr6:163,008,143–163,009,245 281.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 86

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the PRKN locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr6:162,717,091 – 163,019,245
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq