PNPLA2
patatin like domain 2, triacylglycerol lipase | ATGL, FP17548, TTS-2.2, desnutrin, iPLA2zeta

This gene encodes an enzyme which catalyzes the first step in the hydrolysis of triglycerides in adipose tissue. Mutations in this gene are associated with neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

Member of: DE-7
Biological processes 45 terms
A2-type glycerophospholipase activity (GO:0004623)A2-type glycerophospholipase activity (GO:0004623)acylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity (GO:0016411)acylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity (GO:0016411)acylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling (GO:0036155)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)diacylglycerol biosynthetic process (GO:0006651)diolein transacylation activity (GO:0051265)endoplasmic reticulum lumen (GO:0005788)endoplasmic reticulum membrane (GO:0005789)hydrolase activity (GO:0016787)intracellular triglyceride homeostasis (GO:0035356)lipid catabolic process (GO:0016042)lipid droplet (GO:0005811)lipid droplet (GO:0005811)lipid droplet (GO:0005811)lipid droplet (GO:0005811)lipid droplet disassembly (GO:1905691)lipid droplet fusion (GO:0160077)lipid droplet organization (GO:0034389)lipid homeostasis (GO:0055088)lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629)lipoprotein lipase activity (GO:0004465)membrane (GO:0016020)mono-olein transacylation activity (GO:0051264)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process (GO:0010898)protein binding (GO:0005515)retinol metabolic process (GO:0042572)retinyl-palmitate esterase activity (GO:0050253)retinyl-palmitate esterase activity (GO:0050253)triacylglycerol lipase activity (GO:0004806)triacylglycerol lipase activity (GO:0004806)triacylglycerol lipase activity (GO:0004806)triacylglycerol lipase activity (GO:0004806)triacylglycerol lipase activity (GO:0004806)triacylglycerol lipase activity (GO:0004806)triacylglycerol lipase activity (GO:0004806)triglyceride catabolic process (GO:0019433)triglyceride catabolic process (GO:0019433)triglyceride catabolic process (GO:0019433)triglyceride catabolic process (GO:0019433)
Expression (TPM)
PNPLA2 — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating PNPLA2 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for PNPLA2. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = PNPLA2 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to PNPLA2

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of PNPLA2, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr11:534,525–536,399 283.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 673
chr11:536,654–537,918 281.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 558
chr11:554,380–556,321 263.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 460
chr11:559,830–562,079 258.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 791
chr11:567,850–569,533 250.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 672
chr11:574,830–576,748 242.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 793
chr11:613,334–614,059 205.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 215
chr11:615,262–616,320 203.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 443
chr11:636,786–637,700 181.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 161
chr11:693,835–696,330 123.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 873
chr11:705,737–706,270 112.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 361
chr11:720,619–721,074 98.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 156
chr11:727,901–728,499 90.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 686
chr11:746,704–748,069 71.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 755
chr11:762,582–763,602 55.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 326
chr11:776,216–778,328 41.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 770
chr11:783,385–783,909 35.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 278
chr11:797,112–798,675 20.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 697
chr11:804,241–805,812 13.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 725
chr11:808,894–810,402 9.2 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 976
chr11:818,369–820,592 638 bp At TSS Multiome 749
chr11:826,980–828,116 8.6 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 662
chr11:828,933–831,262 11.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 491
chr11:832,323–833,565 14.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 562
chr11:842,034–843,556 23.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 794
chr11:843,773–845,220 25.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 664
chr11:849,082–850,270 30.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 229
chr11:910,337–911,591 92.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 754
chr11:925,038–926,264 106.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 689

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the PNPLA2 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr11:524,525 – 936,264
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq