PARP1

PARP1

poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 | ARTD1, PARP, PARS, Poly-PARP, ADPRT, PPOL

This gene encodes a chromatin-associated enzyme, poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase, which modifies various nuclear proteins by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. The modification is dependent on DNA and is involved in the regulation of various important cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and tumor transformation and also in the regulation of the molecular events involved in the recovery of cell from DNA damage. In addition, this enzyme may be the site of mutation in Fanconi anemia, and may participate in the pathophysiology of type I diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Member of: DE-1 DE-1.54 Developmental clusters: GC4

Biological processes 149 terms

ATP generation from poly-ADP-D-ribose (GO:1990966)DNA ADP-ribosylation (GO:0030592)DNA ADP-ribosylation (GO:0030592)DNA binding (GO:0003677)DNA binding (GO:0003677)DNA binding (GO:0003677)DNA damage response (GO:0006974)DNA damage response (GO:0006974)DNA damage response (GO:0006974)DNA damage response (GO:0006974)DNA repair (GO:0006281)DNA repair (GO:0006281)NAD DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0140294)NAD DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0140294)NAD binding (GO:0051287)NAD+ poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0003950)NAD+ poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0003950)NAD+ poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0003950)NAD+ poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0003950)NAD+ poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0003950)NAD+-histone H2BE35 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0140822)NAD+-histone H2BS6 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0140816)NAD+-histone H3S10 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0140817)NAD+-protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:1990404)NAD+-protein-aspartate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0140806)NAD+-protein-aspartate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0140806)NAD+-protein-aspartate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0140806)NAD+-protein-glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0140807)NAD+-protein-glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0140807)NAD+-protein-glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0140807)NAD+-protein-histidine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0140815)NAD+-protein-histidine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0140815)NAD+-protein-serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0140805)NAD+-protein-serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0140805)NAD+-protein-tyrosine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0140808)NAD+-protein-tyrosine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0140808)R-SMAD binding (GO:0070412)RNA binding (GO:0003723)RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding (GO:0061629)apoptotic process (GO:0006915)carbohydrate biosynthetic process (GO:0016051)cellular response to UV (GO:0034644)cellular response to amyloid-beta (GO:1904646)cellular response to insulin stimulus (GO:0032869)cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus (GO:1990090)cellular response to oxidative stress (GO:0034599)cellular response to oxygen-containing compound (GO:1901701)cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus (GO:0071560)cellular response to zinc ion (GO:0071294)chromatin (GO:0000785)chromatin (GO:0000785)chromatin binding (GO:0003682)chromosome (GO:0005694)chromosome, telomeric region (GO:0000781)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytosol (GO:0005829)cytosol (GO:0005829)damaged DNA binding (GO:0003684)decidualization (GO:0046697)double-strand break repair (GO:0006302)double-strand break repair (GO:0006302)double-strand break repair (GO:0006302)enzyme activator activity (GO:0008047)enzyme binding (GO:0019899)enzyme binding (GO:0019899)establishment of protein localization to chromatin (GO:0071169)fibrillar center (GO:0001650)histone deacetylase binding (GO:0042826)identical protein binding (GO:0042802)macrophage differentiation (GO:0030225)membrane (GO:0016020)mitochondrial DNA metabolic process (GO:0032042)mitochondrial DNA repair (GO:0043504)mitochondrion (GO:0005739)mitochondrion organization (GO:0007005)negative regulation of ATP biosynthetic process (GO:2001170)negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045892)negative regulation of adipose tissue development (GO:1904178)negative regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway (GO:0160049)negative regulation of innate immune response (GO:0045824)negative regulation of innate immune response (GO:0045824)negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening (GO:1904357)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)negative regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (GO:0034244)non-sequence-specific DNA binding, bending (GO:0044378)nuclear body (GO:0016604)nuclear envelope (GO:0005635)nuclear estrogen receptor binding (GO:0030331)nuclear replication fork (GO:0043596)nucleolus (GO:0005730)nucleolus (GO:0005730)nucleolus (GO:0005730)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleosome binding (GO:0031491)nucleosome binding (GO:0031491)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation (GO:0032786)positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction (GO:0060391)positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0043123)positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy (GO:0010613)positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy (GO:0010613)positive regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination (GO:1905168)positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway (GO:0033148)positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization (GO:0051901)positive regulation of myofibroblast differentiation (GO:1904762)positive regulation of necroptotic process (GO:0060545)positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus (GO:1900182)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)protein auto-ADP-ribosylation (GO:0070213)protein autoprocessing (GO:0016540)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein homodimerization activity (GO:0042803)protein kinase binding (GO:0019901)protein localization to chromatin (GO:0071168)protein modification process (GO:0036211)protein poly-ADP-ribosylation (GO:0070212)protein-DNA complex (GO:0032993)protein-containing complex (GO:0032991)regulation of base-excision repair (GO:1905051)regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep (GO:0045188)regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:1903376)regulation of protein localization (GO:0032880)replication fork reversal (GO:0071932)response to aldosterone (GO:1904044)response to ethanol (GO:0045471)response to gamma radiation (GO:0010332)signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression (GO:0023019)single strand break repair (GO:0000012)single-strand break-containing DNA binding (GO:1990165)site of DNA damage (GO:0090734)site of DNA damage (GO:0090734)site of DNA damage (GO:0090734)site of double-strand break (GO:0035861)site of double-strand break (GO:0035861)telomere maintenance (GO:0000723)transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006366)transcription regulator activator activity (GO:0140537)transcription regulator complex (GO:0005667)transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007179)ubiquitin protein ligase binding (GO:0031625)zinc ion binding (GO:0008270)zinc ion binding (GO:0008270)

Expression (TPM)

TFs regulating PARP1 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for PARP1. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = PARP1 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

TF	Mean coef	Binding	Outlier	TF→Gene link

Rows:

Elements linked to PARP1

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of PARP1, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility	Element	Dist. to TSS	Link type	TFs
	chr1:226,109,567–226,111,083	298.1 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	768
	chr1:226,121,192–226,122,943	286.2 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	840
	chr1:226,125,045–226,125,680	282.7 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	373
	chr1:226,186,167–226,187,132	221.3 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	939
	chr1:226,210,358–226,211,556	197.2 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	262
	chr1:226,214,653–226,215,688	192.7 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	145
	chr1:226,222,744–226,224,297	184.7 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	635
	chr1:226,227,753–226,229,876	179.7 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	240
	chr1:226,308,507–226,309,932	98.8 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	915
	chr1:226,404,588–226,405,519	2.9 kb	Proximal (<10kb) Multiome	185
	chr1:226,407,433–226,408,738	42 bp	At TSS Multiome	894
	chr1:226,413,963–226,414,602	6.2 kb	Proximal (<10kb) Multiome	41
	chr1:226,548,271–226,549,075	140.7 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	269
	chr1:226,608,563–226,609,002	200.7 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	148
	chr1:226,679,874–226,680,709	272.1 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	422

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the PARP1 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.