Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein that belongs to the EcoL2 ribosomal protein family. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 12q. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for MRPL2. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = MRPL2 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of MRPL2, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr6:42,770,933–42,771,516 | 288.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 283 | |
| chr6:42,782,323–42,783,894 | 276.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 960 | |
| chr6:42,879,371–42,880,327 | 179.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 982 | |
| chr6:42,890,329–42,891,383 | 168.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1066 | |
| chr6:42,911,181–42,912,079 | 147.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 327 | |
| chr6:42,928,809–42,930,153 | 130.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1111 | |
| chr6:42,960,347–42,961,147 | 98.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 597 | |
| chr6:42,978,475–42,979,742 | 80.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 914 | |
| chr6:42,983,832–42,985,046 | 75.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 737 | |
| chr6:43,013,264–43,014,790 | 45.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 874 | |
| chr6:43,020,970–43,021,878 | 37.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 766 | |
| chr6:43,053,156–43,054,116 | 5.5 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 1033 | |
| chr6:43,059,118–43,060,383 | 171 bp | At TSS Multiome | 906 | |
| chr6:43,075,612–43,077,611 | 18.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 744 | |
| chr6:43,096,382–43,096,822 | 37.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 290 | |
| chr6:43,143,296–43,143,802 | 84.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 638 | |
| chr6:43,170,289–43,172,815 | 111.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1025 | |
| chr6:43,173,720–43,174,910 | 115.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 765 | |
| chr6:43,181,838–43,182,555 | 122.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 874 | |
| chr6:43,228,982–43,229,794 | 170.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 918 | |
| chr6:43,246,576–43,247,616 | 187.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 750 | |
| chr6:43,267,244–43,268,167 | 208.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 772 | |
| chr6:43,285,054–43,285,508 | 225.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 68 | |
| chr6:43,308,219–43,309,149 | 249.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 462 |
Genomic view of the MRPL2 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.