Malic enzyme catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate using either NAD+ or NADP+ as a cofactor. Mammalian tissues contain 3 distinct isoforms of malic enzyme: a cytosolic NADP(+)-dependent isoform, a mitochondrial NADP(+)-dependent isoform, and a mitochondrial NAD(+)-dependent isoform. This gene encodes a mitochondrial NADP(+)-dependent isoform. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the biological validity of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for ME3. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = ME3 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of ME3, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr11:86,421,815–86,422,714 | 250.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 141 | |
| chr11:86,422,902–86,424,146 | 248.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 152 | |
| chr11:86,513,467–86,514,411 | 158.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 148 | |
| chr11:86,571,370–86,571,978 | 100.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 310 | |
| chr11:86,664,828–86,665,517 | 6.9 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 23 | |
| chr11:86,670,008–86,670,549 | 1.9 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 85 | |
| chr11:86,671,463–86,672,739 | at TSS | At TSS | 467 | |
| chr11:86,676,573–86,677,052 | 4.1 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 132 | |
| chr11:86,678,388–86,678,609 | 6.0 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 30 | |
| chr11:86,678,793–86,679,160 | 6.4 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 73 | |
| chr11:86,799,611–86,801,237 | 128.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 470 | |
| chr11:86,954,420–86,956,821 | 283.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 987 |
Genomic view of the ME3 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.