The protein encoded by this gene is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and golgi, and is also secreted. Reducing expression of this gene increases susceptibility to ER stress-induced death and results in cell proliferation. Activity of this protein is important in promoting the survival of dopaminergic neurons. The presence of polymorphisms in the N-terminal arginine-rich region, including a specific mutation that changes an ATG start codon to AGG, have been reported in a variety of solid tumors; however, these polymorphisms were later shown to exist in normal tissues and are thus no longer thought to be tumor-related. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for MANF. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = MANF upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of MANF, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr3:50,358,889–50,360,012 | 1025.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 796 | |
| chr3:50,364,552–50,365,867 | 1020.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 331 | |
| chr3:50,567,311–50,568,123 | 817.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 376 | |
| chr3:50,568,824–50,569,934 | 816.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 901 | |
| chr3:50,611,315–50,612,530 | 773.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 904 | |
| chr3:50,615,997–50,617,867 | 768.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 754 | |
| chr3:50,674,463–50,675,603 | 710.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 344 | |
| chr3:51,384,278–51,385,586 | 236 bp | At TSS Multiome | 787 | |
| chr3:51,389,434–51,389,637 | 4.1 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 189 | |
| chr3:51,390,699–51,392,749 | 5.8 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 824 | |
| chr3:51,499,159–51,500,640 | 114.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 838 | |
| chr3:51,538,310–51,539,294 | 153.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 974 | |
| chr3:51,670,855–51,672,297 | 285.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 799 | |
| chr3:51,681,945–51,682,394 | 296.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 291 |
Genomic view of the MANF locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.