GRN
granulin precursor | CLN11, PCDGF, PGRN

Granulins are a family of secreted, glycosylated peptides that are cleaved from a single precursor protein with 7.5 repeats of a highly conserved 12-cysteine granulin/epithelin motif. The 88 kDa precursor protein, progranulin, is also called proepithelin and PC cell-derived growth factor. Cleavage of the signal peptide produces mature granulin which can be further cleaved into a variety of active, 6 kDa peptides. These smaller cleavage products are named granulin A, granulin B, granulin C, etc. Epithelins 1 and 2 are synonymous with granulins A and B, respectively. Both the peptides and intact granulin protein regulate cell growth. However, different members of the granulin protein family may act as inhibitors, stimulators, or have dual actions on cell growth. Granulin family members are important in normal development, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Member of: DE-1 DE-1.11 Developmental clusters: GC6
Biological processes 70 terms
Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794)Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794)RNA binding (GO:0003723)astrocyte activation involved in immune response (GO:0002265)astrocyte activation involved in immune response (GO:0002265)azurophil granule lumen (GO:0035578)cerebellar climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapse (GO:0150053)endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783)endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783)endosome (GO:0005768)establishment of localization in cell (GO:0051649)extracellular exosome (GO:0070062)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)growth factor activity (GO:0008083)late endosome (GO:0005770)lysosomal lumen acidification (GO:0007042)lysosomal membrane (GO:0005765)lysosomal transport (GO:0007041)lysosomal transport (GO:0007041)lysosomal transport (GO:0007041)lysosome (GO:0005764)lysosome (GO:0005764)lysosome organization (GO:0007040)lysosome organization (GO:0007040)maintenance of synapse structure (GO:0099558)membrane (GO:0016020)microglial cell activation involved in immune response (GO:0002282)microglial cell activation involved in immune response (GO:0002282)negative regulation of inflammatory response (GO:0050728)negative regulation of innate immune response (GO:0045824)negative regulation of microglial cell activation (GO:1903979)negative regulation of microglial cell activation (GO:1903979)negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process (GO:0043524)negative regulation of neutrophil activation (GO:1902564)negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response (GO:0060266)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)positive regulation of angiogenesis (GO:0045766)positive regulation of angiogenesis (GO:0045766)positive regulation of aspartic-type peptidase activity (GO:1905247)positive regulation of aspartic-type peptidase activity (GO:1905247)positive regulation of axon regeneration (GO:0048680)positive regulation of axon regeneration (GO:0048680)positive regulation of cell migration (GO:0030335)positive regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008284)positive regulation of cellular component organization (GO:0051130)positive regulation of defense response to bacterium (GO:1900426)positive regulation of defense response to bacterium (GO:1900426)positive regulation of endothelial cell migration (GO:0010595)positive regulation of endothelial cell migration (GO:0010595)positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation (GO:0050679)positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding (GO:0106016)positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding (GO:0106016)positive regulation of lysosome organization (GO:1905673)positive regulation of lysosome organization (GO:1905673)positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process (GO:0043525)positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process (GO:0043525)positive regulation of protein folding (GO:1903334)positive regulation of protein folding (GO:1903334)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein stabilization (GO:0050821)protein-folding chaperone binding (GO:0051087)regulation of developmental process (GO:0050793)regulation of inflammatory response (GO:0050727)signal transduction (GO:0007165)trans-Golgi network (GO:0005802)trans-Golgi network (GO:0005802)vesicle (GO:0031982)
Expression (TPM)
GRN — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating GRN 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for GRN. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = GRN upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to GRN

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of GRN, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr17:44,066,017–44,066,857 278.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 722
chr17:44,070,107–44,071,340 274.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 1041
chr17:44,095,480–44,096,263 249.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 713
chr17:44,110,949–44,111,605 234.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 856
chr17:44,122,999–44,124,340 221.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 883
chr17:44,141,505–44,142,741 203.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 857
chr17:44,168,259–44,168,849 176.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 475
chr17:44,186,111–44,187,514 158.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 917
chr17:44,198,550–44,201,037 145.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 868
chr17:44,210,257–44,210,930 134.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 568
chr17:44,218,107–44,221,629 126.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 936
chr17:44,221,765–44,222,816 123.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 597
chr17:44,307,755–44,309,164 36.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 726
chr17:44,314,945–44,315,776 30.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 273
chr17:44,316,273–44,316,728 28.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 183
chr17:44,324,218–44,325,841 20.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 852
chr17:44,326,610–44,327,149 18.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 599
chr17:44,344,826–44,346,001 83 bp At TSS Multiome 837
chr17:44,350,818–44,351,059 5.5 kb Proximal (<10kb) 291
chr17:44,353,667–44,355,182 9.5 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 393
chr17:44,363,447–44,364,077 18.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 502
chr17:44,374,688–44,375,216 29.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 299
chr17:44,384,542–44,386,175 40.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 553
chr17:44,502,912–44,504,091 158.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 999
chr17:44,539,724–44,540,529 194.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 135
chr17:44,543,007–44,544,301 198.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 384
chr17:44,556,129–44,558,277 212.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 696
chr17:44,608,340–44,608,975 263.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 208
chr17:44,628,394–44,629,188 283.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 285

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the GRN locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr17:44,056,017 – 44,639,188
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq
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