Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. It is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in the electron transfer and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes polypeptide 1 (liver isoform) of subunit VIa, and polypeptide 1 is found in all non-muscle tissues. Polypeptide 2 (heart/muscle isoform) of subunit VIa is encoded by a different gene, and is present only in striated muscles. These two polypeptides share 66% amino acid sequence identity. It has been reported that there may be several pseudogenes on chromosomes 1, 6, 7q21, 7q31-32 and 12. However, only one pseudogene (COX6A1P) on chromosome 1p31.1 has been documented. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for COX6A1. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = COX6A1 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of COX6A1, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr12:120,194,328–120,196,208 | 243.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1032 | |
| chr12:120,200,671–120,201,921 | 236.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1006 | |
| chr12:120,228,170–120,231,900 | 209.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1050 | |
| chr12:120,265,150–120,266,362 | 172.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 617 | |
| chr12:120,290,301–120,293,526 | 144.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1338 | |
| chr12:120,302,138–120,302,609 | 135.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 711 | |
| chr12:120,317,215–120,317,997 | 120.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 872 | |
| chr12:120,361,277–120,362,299 | 76.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 308 | |
| chr12:120,368,637–120,370,303 | 68.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 250 | |
| chr12:120,388,762–120,389,560 | 48.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 178 | |
| chr12:120,394,470–120,395,052 | 43.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 283 | |
| chr12:120,413,842–120,414,516 | 23.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 289 | |
| chr12:120,429,329–120,429,611 | 8.5 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 21 | |
| chr12:120,430,441–120,430,724 | 7.4 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 475 | |
| chr12:120,437,436–120,438,568 | 102 bp | At TSS Multiome | 725 | |
| chr12:120,439,743–120,439,970 | 1.6 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 197 | |
| chr12:120,445,927–120,446,970 | 8.4 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 982 | |
| chr12:120,468,864–120,470,390 | 31.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 942 | |
| chr12:120,495,362–120,496,939 | 57.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 794 | |
| chr12:120,528,856–120,529,468 | 91.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 849 | |
| chr12:120,534,230–120,535,077 | 96.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 730 | |
| chr12:120,580,919–120,581,830 | 143.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 736 | |
| chr12:120,584,329–120,585,045 | 146.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 460 | |
| chr12:120,640,005–120,641,704 | 202.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 562 | |
| chr12:120,648,914–120,649,665 | 211.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 405 | |
| chr12:120,668,575–120,669,135 | 230.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 98 | |
| chr12:120,686,185–120,687,741 | 248.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1030 | |
| chr12:120,710,025–120,711,277 | 272.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 573 | |
| chr12:120,725,271–120,726,309 | 287.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 663 |
Genomic view of the COX6A1 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.