Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CA XI is likely a secreted protein, however, radical changes at active site residues completely conserved in CA isozymes with catalytic activity, make it unlikely that it has carbonic anhydrase activity. It shares properties in common with two other acatalytic CA isoforms, CA VIII and CA X. CA XI is most abundantly expressed in brain, and may play a general role in the central nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for CA11. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = CA11 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of CA11, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr19:48,363,062–48,364,710 | 282.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 940 | |
| chr19:48,390,663–48,391,935 | 254.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 816 | |
| chr19:48,397,916–48,399,301 | 247.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 619 | |
| chr19:48,399,411–48,400,900 | 245.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 548 | |
| chr19:48,414,121–48,416,085 | 230.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 298 | |
| chr19:48,445,379–48,446,456 | 200.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 845 | |
| chr19:48,468,758–48,470,027 | 177.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 860 | |
| chr19:48,490,661–48,494,449 | 154.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 633 | |
| chr19:48,500,898–48,503,050 | 144.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 656 | |
| chr19:48,510,624–48,511,212 | 135.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 268 | |
| chr19:48,513,480–48,514,294 | 132.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 585 | |
| chr19:48,614,318–48,615,255 | 31.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 524 | |
| chr19:48,618,726–48,619,869 | 26.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1012 | |
| chr19:48,623,839–48,624,688 | 22.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 529 | |
| chr19:48,629,369–48,631,306 | 16.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 402 | |
| chr19:48,634,242–48,636,244 | 10.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 868 | |
| chr19:48,636,802–48,639,603 | 7.8 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 956 | |
| chr19:48,644,858–48,645,036 | 1.1 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 304 | |
| chr19:48,645,454–48,647,163 | 390 bp | At TSS Multiome | 750 | |
| chr19:48,675,421–48,675,873 | 29.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 415 | |
| chr19:48,695,830–48,697,033 | 49.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 253 | |
| chr19:48,713,646–48,714,846 | 68.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 719 | |
| chr19:48,716,551–48,717,038 | 70.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 241 | |
| chr19:48,720,420–48,721,301 | 74.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 689 | |
| chr19:48,735,001–48,735,602 | 89.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 161 | |
| chr19:48,738,441–48,739,812 | 92.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 743 | |
| chr19:48,741,194–48,741,939 | 95.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 350 | |
| chr19:48,746,830–48,747,395 | 100.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 402 | |
| chr19:48,752,314–48,753,547 | 106.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 545 | |
| chr19:48,795,165–48,795,736 | 149.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 724 | |
| chr19:48,806,734–48,807,478 | 160.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 452 | |
| chr19:48,810,774–48,811,494 | 164.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 662 | |
| chr19:48,812,048–48,813,099 | 166.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 603 | |
| chr19:48,829,998–48,830,690 | 184.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 55 | |
| chr19:48,835,571–48,838,073 | 189.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 621 | |
| chr19:48,872,000–48,873,835 | 226.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 987 | |
| chr19:48,895,958–48,896,628 | 250.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 207 | |
| chr19:48,899,782–48,900,620 | 254.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 710 | |
| chr19:48,933,397–48,933,948 | 287.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 458 | |
| chr19:48,992,571–48,994,129 | 347.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 852 |
Genomic view of the CA11 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.