B2M
beta-2-microglobulin

This gene encodes a serum protein found in association with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells. The protein has a predominantly beta-pleated sheet structure that can form amyloid fibrils in some pathological conditions. The encoded antimicrobial protein displays antibacterial activity in amniotic fluid. A mutation in this gene has been shown to result in hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014]

Member of: DE-9 Developmental clusters: GC4
Biological processes 73 terms
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane (GO:0012507)Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794)Golgi membrane (GO:0000139)HFE-transferrin receptor complex (GO:1990712)MHC class I peptide loading complex (GO:0042824)MHC class I protein complex (GO:0042612)MHC class I protein complex (GO:0042612)MHC class I protein complex (GO:0042612)MHC class II protein complex (GO:0042613)MHC class II protein complex binding (GO:0023026)amyloid fibril formation (GO:1990000)antibacterial humoral response (GO:0019731)antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I (GO:0019885)antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II (GO:0019886)antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib (GO:0002477)antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide (GO:0061844)cell surface (GO:0009986)cellular response to iron ion (GO:0071281)cellular response to lipopolysaccharide (GO:0071222)cellular response to nicotine (GO:0071316)defense response to Gram-negative bacterium (GO:0050829)defense response to Gram-positive bacterium (GO:0050830)early endosome lumen (GO:0031905)early endosome membrane (GO:0031901)endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783)endoplasmic reticulum lumen (GO:0005788)external side of plasma membrane (GO:0009897)extracellular exosome (GO:0070062)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)focal adhesion (GO:0005925)identical protein binding (GO:0042802)immune response (GO:0006955)innate immune response (GO:0045087)intracellular iron ion homeostasis (GO:0006879)late endosome membrane (GO:0031902)learning or memory (GO:0007611)learning or memory (GO:0007611)learning or memory (GO:0007611)lysosomal membrane (GO:0005765)membrane (GO:0016020)negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation (GO:0050680)negative regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation (GO:2000978)negative regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation (GO:2000978)negative regulation of iron ion transport (GO:0034757)negative regulation of neurogenesis (GO:0050768)negative regulation of neurogenesis (GO:0050768)negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis (GO:0048261)peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex (GO:0002502)peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex (GO:0002503)peptide antigen binding (GO:0042605)phagocytic vesicle membrane (GO:0030670)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)positive regulation of T cell activation (GO:0050870)positive regulation of T cell cytokine production (GO:0002726)positive regulation of cellular senescence (GO:2000774)positive regulation of immune response (GO:0050778)positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis (GO:0048260)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein homodimerization activity (GO:0042803)protein homotetramerization (GO:0051289)recycling endosome membrane (GO:0055038)regulation of iron ion transport (GO:0034756)regulation of membrane depolarization (GO:0003254)regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity (GO:0002715)response to metal ion (GO:0010038)sensory perception of smell (GO:0007608)specific granule lumen (GO:0035580)structural molecule activity (GO:0005198)tertiary granule lumen (GO:1904724)transferrin transport (GO:0033572)
Expression (TPM)
B2M — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating B2M 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for B2M. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = B2M upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to B2M

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of B2M, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr15:44,426,579–44,428,620 284.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 941
chr15:44,536,026–44,537,829 174.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 958
chr15:44,663,054–44,664,141 47.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 1030
chr15:44,683,274–44,683,762 28.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 211
chr15:44,710,930–44,712,219 10 bp At TSS Multiome 782
chr15:44,728,448–44,729,627 17.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 787

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the B2M locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr15:44,416,579 – 44,739,627
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq