This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the epsilon subunit of the catalytic core. Two pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 4 and 13. Read-through transcripts that include exons from this gene are expressed from the upstream gene SLMO2.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for ATP5F1E. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = ATP5F1E upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of ATP5F1E, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr20:58,850,471–58,851,960 | 181.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 308 | |
| chr20:58,852,406–58,852,990 | 179.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 172 | |
| chr20:58,888,196–58,892,842 | 143.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 977 | |
| chr20:58,980,774–58,981,785 | 51.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 797 | |
| chr20:59,006,785–59,007,608 | 25.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 401 | |
| chr20:59,031,825–59,033,029 | 127 bp | At TSS Multiome | 1108 | |
| chr20:59,042,196–59,043,527 | 10.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 834 | |
| chr20:59,222,192–59,223,002 | 190.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 395 | |
| chr20:59,331,250–59,332,288 | 299.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 134 |
Genomic view of the ATP5F1E locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.