This gene encodes a transcription factor that was originally identified as a widely expressed mammalian DNA binding protein that could bind a tax-responsive enhancer element in the LTR of HTLV-1. The encoded protein was also isolated and characterized as the cAMP-response element binding protein 2 (CREB-2). The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of DNA-binding proteins that includes the AP-1 family of transcription factors, cAMP-response element binding proteins (CREBs) and CREB-like proteins. These transcription factors share a leucine zipper region that is involved in protein-protein interactions, located C-terminal to a stretch of basic amino acids that functions as a DNA binding domain. Two alternative transcripts encoding the same protein have been described. Two pseudogenes are located on the X chromosome at q28 in a region containing a large inverted duplication. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for ATF4. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = ATF4 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of ATF4, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr22:39,229,884–39,230,835 | 290.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 417 | |
| chr22:39,242,211–39,244,345 | 277.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 605 | |
| chr22:39,310,537–39,311,897 | 209.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 655 | |
| chr22:39,319,163–39,320,470 | 200.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 968 | |
| chr22:39,349,608–39,350,646 | 170.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 412 | |
| chr22:39,388,249–39,388,891 | 132.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 336 | |
| chr22:39,399,211–39,400,196 | 120.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 896 | |
| chr22:39,501,766–39,502,757 | 18.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 736 | |
| chr22:39,519,211–39,521,337 | 387 bp | At TSS Multiome | 1150 | |
| chr22:39,524,998–39,525,864 | 4.4 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 159 | |
| chr22:39,526,604–39,527,231 | 6.0 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 127 | |
| chr22:39,528,868–39,529,848 | 8.8 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 829 | |
| chr22:39,532,183–39,533,171 | 12.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 799 | |
| chr22:39,534,113–39,535,455 | 14.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 621 | |
| chr22:39,598,010–39,598,521 | 77.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 163 | |
| chr22:39,661,773–39,663,221 | 142.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 260 | |
| chr22:39,663,880–39,665,145 | 144.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 208 | |
| chr22:40,187,442–40,188,012 | 667.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 86 |
Genomic view of the ATF4 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.