APOE
apolipoprotein E | AD2

The protein encoded by this gene is a major apoprotein of the chylomicron. It binds to a specific liver and peripheral cell receptor, and is essential for the normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. This gene maps to chromosome 19 in a cluster with the related apolipoprotein C1 and C2 genes. Mutations in this gene result in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, or type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP III), in which increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are the consequence of impaired clearance of chylomicron and VLDL remnants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2016]

Member of: DE-1 Developmental clusters: GC7
Biological processes 210 terms
AMPA glutamate receptor clustering (GO:0097113)G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186)Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794)NMDA glutamate receptor clustering (GO:0097114)acylglycerol homeostasis (GO:0055090)amyloid precursor protein metabolic process (GO:0042982)amyloid-beta binding (GO:0001540)amyloid-beta binding (GO:0001540)antioxidant activity (GO:0016209)blood microparticle (GO:0072562)cellular oxidant detoxification (GO:0098869)cellular response to lipoprotein particle stimulus (GO:0071402)cholesterol efflux (GO:0033344)cholesterol efflux (GO:0033344)cholesterol homeostasis (GO:0042632)cholesterol homeostasis (GO:0042632)cholesterol metabolic process (GO:0008203)cholesterol metabolic process (GO:0008203)cholesterol metabolic process (GO:0008203)cholesterol transfer activity (GO:0120020)cholesterol transfer activity (GO:0120020)chylomicron (GO:0042627)chylomicron (GO:0042627)chylomicron remnant (GO:0034360)chylomicron remnant clearance (GO:0034382)chylomicron remnant clearance (GO:0034382)clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane (GO:0030669)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoskeleton organization (GO:0007010)dendrite (GO:0030425)discoidal high-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034365)early endosome (GO:0005769)endocytic vesicle lumen (GO:0071682)endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783)endoplasmic reticulum lumen (GO:0005788)enzyme binding (GO:0019899)extracellular exosome (GO:0070062)extracellular exosome (GO:0070062)extracellular matrix (GO:0031012)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular vesicle (GO:1903561)extracellular vesicle (GO:1903561)extracellular vesicle (GO:1903561)fatty acid homeostasis (GO:0055089)glutamatergic synapse (GO:0098978)glutamatergic synapse (GO:0098978)heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding (GO:0043395)heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding (GO:0043395)heparin binding (GO:0008201)high-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034364)high-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034364)high-density lipoprotein particle assembly (GO:0034380)high-density lipoprotein particle clearance (GO:0034384)high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling (GO:0034375)host-mediated activation of viral process (GO:0044794)identical protein binding (GO:0042802)intermediate-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034363)intermediate-density lipoprotein particle clearance (GO:0071831)lipid binding (GO:0008289)lipid binding (GO:0008289)lipid carrier activity (GO:0005319)lipid transport (GO:0006869)lipid transport involved in lipid storage (GO:0010877)lipid transport involved in lipid storage (GO:0010877)lipoprotein biosynthetic process (GO:0042158)lipoprotein metabolic process (GO:0042157)lipoprotein particle (GO:1990777)lipoprotein particle binding (GO:0071813)locomotory exploration behavior (GO:0035641)long-chain fatty acid transport (GO:0015909)long-term memory (GO:0007616)low-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034362)low-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034362)low-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034362)low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding (GO:0050750)low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding (GO:0050750)low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding (GO:0050750)low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding (GO:0050750)low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling (GO:0034374)melanosome (GO:0042470)melanosome organization (GO:0032438)melanosome organization (GO:0032438)membrane (GO:0016020)metal chelating activity (GO:0046911)multivesicular body (GO:0005771)multivesicular body, internal vesicle (GO:0097487)negative regulation of MAPK cascade (GO:0043409)negative regulation of amyloid fibril formation (GO:1905907)negative regulation of amyloid fibril formation (GO:1905907)negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation (GO:1902430)negative regulation of blood coagulation (GO:0030195)negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration (GO:0043537)negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0090090)negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0090090)negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0090090)negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process (GO:0045541)negative regulation of cholesterol efflux (GO:0090370)negative regulation of dendritic spine development (GO:0061000)negative regulation of dendritic spine maintenance (GO:1902951)negative regulation of endothelial cell migration (GO:0010596)negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation (GO:0001937)negative regulation of gene expression (GO:0010629)negative regulation of gene expression (GO:0010629)negative regulation of inflammatory response (GO:0050728)negative regulation of inflammatory response (GO:0050728)negative regulation of lipid biosynthetic process (GO:0051055)negative regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier (GO:1903001)negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation (GO:1900272)negative regulation of neuron projection development (GO:0010977)negative regulation of phospholipid efflux (GO:1902999)negative regulation of platelet activation (GO:0010544)negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway (GO:0010642)negative regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization (GO:1901627)negative regulation of protein metabolic process (GO:0051248)negative regulation of protein secretion (GO:0050709)negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation (GO:0048662)neuron projection development (GO:0031175)neuronal cell body (GO:0043025)nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signaling (GO:0038060)nucleus (GO:0005634)phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity (GO:0060228)phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity (GO:0060228)phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity (GO:0060228)phospholipid binding (GO:0005543)phospholipid binding (GO:0005543)phospholipid efflux (GO:0033700)phospholipid efflux (GO:0033700)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893)positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade (GO:0070374)positive regulation of amyloid fibril formation (GO:1905908)positive regulation of amyloid-beta clearance (GO:1900223)positive regulation of amyloid-beta clearance (GO:1900223)positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation (GO:1902004)positive regulation of cholesterol efflux (GO:0010875)positive regulation of cholesterol efflux (GO:0010875)positive regulation of cholesterol efflux (GO:0010875)positive regulation of cholesterol metabolic process (GO:0090205)positive regulation of cholesterol metabolic process (GO:0090205)positive regulation of dendritic spine development (GO:0060999)positive regulation of dendritic spine maintenance (GO:1902952)positive regulation of endocytosis (GO:0045807)positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process (GO:0046889)positive regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier (GO:1903002)positive regulation of lipoprotein transport (GO:0140077)positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process (GO:0032805)positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis (GO:0051044)positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis (GO:0051044)positive regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly (GO:1902998)positive regulation of neuron projection development (GO:0010976)positive regulation of neuron projection development (GO:0010976)positive regulation of neuron projection development (GO:0010976)positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process (GO:0045429)positive regulation of phospholipid efflux (GO:1902995)positive regulation of presynaptic membrane organization (GO:1901631)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein dimerization activity (GO:0046983)protein homodimerization activity (GO:0042803)protein import (GO:0017038)protein-containing complex binding (GO:0044877)receptor ligand activity (GO:0048018)receptor-mediated endocytosis (GO:0006898)receptor-mediated endocytosis (GO:0006898)regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction (GO:0032489)regulation of amyloid fibril formation (GO:1905906)regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process (GO:1902991)regulation of amyloid-beta clearance (GO:1900221)regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0042981)regulation of axon extension (GO:0030516)regulation of behavioral fear response (GO:2000822)regulation of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus (GO:1905890)regulation of cholesterol metabolic process (GO:0090181)regulation of innate immune response (GO:0045088)regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity (GO:0048168)regulation of plasma lipoprotein particle levels (GO:0097006)regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process (GO:0061136)regulation of protein metabolic process (GO:0051246)regulation of protein-containing complex assembly (GO:0043254)regulation of synapse organization (GO:0050807)response to caloric restriction (GO:0061771)response to reactive oxygen species (GO:0000302)retinoid metabolic process (GO:0001523)reverse cholesterol transport (GO:0043691)signaling receptor binding (GO:0005102)structural molecule activity (GO:0005198)synaptic cleft (GO:0043083)synaptic transmission, cholinergic (GO:0007271)tau protein binding (GO:0048156)triglyceride homeostasis (GO:0070328)triglyceride homeostasis (GO:0070328)triglyceride metabolic process (GO:0006641)triglyceride metabolic process (GO:0006641)triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle clearance (GO:0071830)triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle clearance (GO:0071830)very-low-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034361)very-low-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034361)very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance (GO:0034447)very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance (GO:0034447)very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding (GO:0070326)very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding (GO:0070326)very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling (GO:0034372)very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling (GO:0034372)very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling (GO:0034372)virion assembly (GO:0019068)
Expression (TPM)
APOE — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating APOE 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for APOE. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = APOE upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to APOE

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of APOE, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr19:44,643,571–44,644,620 261.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 710
chr19:44,747,085–44,747,789 158.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 653
chr19:44,757,112–44,758,480 148.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 209
chr19:44,758,633–44,759,104 146.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 80
chr19:44,770,589–44,771,108 135.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 367
chr19:44,777,671–44,778,314 127.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 353
chr19:44,800,231–44,800,829 105.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 508
chr19:44,807,965–44,809,338 97.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 652
chr19:44,844,448–44,848,668 61.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 1047
chr19:44,890,209–44,891,796 14.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 952
chr19:44,903,686–44,904,241 2.0 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 666
chr19:44,905,114–44,907,037 899 bp At TSS Multiome 645
chr19:44,909,850–44,910,571 4.1 kb Proximal (<10kb) 146
chr19:44,911,026–44,911,489 5.2 kb Proximal (<10kb) 533
chr19:44,913,546–44,915,671 9.4 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 587
chr19:44,926,693–44,927,388 21.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 277
chr19:44,954,641–44,955,824 49.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 835
chr19:45,001,031–45,002,639 95.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 694
chr19:45,038,879–45,039,566 133.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 800
chr19:45,075,125–45,076,814 170.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 710
chr19:45,078,897–45,080,647 174.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 1012
chr19:45,091,042–45,093,574 187.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 959
chr19:45,177,803–45,179,711 272.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 899

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the APOE locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr19:44,633,571 – 45,189,711
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq