This gene encodes ubiquitin, one of the most conserved proteins known. Ubiquitin has a major role in targeting cellular proteins for degradation by the 26S proteosome. It is also involved in the maintenance of chromatin structure, the regulation of gene expression, and the stress response. Ubiquitin is synthesized as a precursor protein consisting of either polyubiquitin chains or a single ubiquitin moiety fused to an unrelated protein. This gene consists of three direct repeats of the ubiquitin coding sequence with no spacer sequence. Consequently, the protein is expressed as a polyubiquitin precursor with a final amino acid after the last repeat. An aberrant form of this protein has been detected in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 1, 2, 13, and 17. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for UBB. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = UBB upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of UBB, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr17:16,214,816–16,216,252 | 165.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 888 | |
| chr17:16,217,055–16,217,691 | 163.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 911 | |
| chr17:16,352,703–16,353,919 | 27.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 714 | |
| chr17:16,380,399–16,381,729 | 199 bp | At TSS Multiome | 1044 | |
| chr17:16,386,465–16,387,421 | 5.8 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 448 | |
| chr17:16,406,971–16,407,704 | 26.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 340 | |
| chr17:16,438,359–16,439,725 | 57.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1006 | |
| chr17:16,442,894–16,444,373 | 62.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 388 | |
| chr17:16,491,363–16,492,722 | 111.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 312 | |
| chr17:16,535,515–16,536,276 | 154.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 814 | |
| chr17:16,536,612–16,537,145 | 156.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 360 | |
| chr17:16,568,720–16,569,381 | 188.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 379 | |
| chr17:16,588,994–16,589,833 | 208.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 573 | |
| chr17:16,653,205–16,654,064 | 272.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 830 |
Genomic view of the UBB locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.