Microtubules of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton perform essential and diverse functions and are composed of a heterodimer of alpha and beta tubulin. The genes encoding these microtubule constituents are part of the tubulin superfamily, which is composed of six distinct families. Genes from the alpha, beta and gamma tubulin families are found in all eukaryotes. The alpha and beta tubulins represent the major components of microtubules, while gamma tubulin plays a critical role in the nucleation of microtubule assembly. There are multiple alpha and beta tubulin genes and they are highly conserved among and between species. This gene encodes an alpha tubulin that is a highly conserved homolog of a rat testis-specific alpha tubulin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for TUBA4A. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = TUBA4A upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of TUBA4A, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr2:218,959,145–218,960,352 | 294.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 416 | |
| chr2:218,962,902–218,964,278 | 290.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 768 | |
| chr2:218,979,814–218,980,492 | 273.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 499 | |
| chr2:218,984,382–218,985,013 | 269.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 126 | |
| chr2:218,992,930–218,994,312 | 260.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 265 | |
| chr2:218,995,885–218,998,018 | 257.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 534 | |
| chr2:218,998,611–219,003,562 | 250.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 941 | |
| chr2:219,057,853–219,058,462 | 195.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 469 | |
| chr2:219,060,260–219,061,256 | 193.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 240 | |
| chr2:219,159,910–219,161,297 | 93.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 901 | |
| chr2:219,176,168–219,177,450 | 77.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 999 | |
| chr2:219,177,596–219,178,930 | 75.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 930 | |
| chr2:219,206,194–219,207,456 | 47.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 861 | |
| chr2:219,217,908–219,219,751 | 34.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1058 | |
| chr2:219,228,940–219,230,470 | 24.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 914 | |
| chr2:219,245,074–219,245,804 | 8.5 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 891 | |
| chr2:219,252,908–219,254,656 | 897 bp | At TSS Multiome | 808 | |
| chr2:219,277,516–219,280,537 | 23.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1073 | |
| chr2:219,294,524–219,295,391 | 41.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 892 | |
| chr2:219,308,224–219,309,089 | 54.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 742 | |
| chr2:219,386,994–219,389,117 | 134.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 911 | |
| chr2:219,402,761–219,403,203 | 149.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 234 | |
| chr2:219,418,154–219,419,089 | 164.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 147 | |
| chr2:219,433,920–219,435,459 | 180.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 315 | |
| chr2:219,441,439–219,442,557 | 188.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 338 | |
| chr2:219,447,946–219,449,531 | 195.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 244 | |
| chr2:219,476,330–219,477,528 | 223.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 373 | |
| chr2:219,484,139–219,485,299 | 231.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 146 | |
| chr2:219,497,658–219,499,313 | 244.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 907 | |
| chr2:219,506,707–219,507,641 | 253.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 205 | |
| chr2:219,509,036–219,510,612 | 256.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 614 | |
| chr2:219,521,083–219,521,760 | 267.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 325 | |
| chr2:219,522,621–219,523,337 | 269.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 201 | |
| chr2:219,530,046–219,530,655 | 276.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 480 | |
| chr2:219,541,583–219,542,284 | 287.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 764 | |
| chr2:219,542,939–219,544,543 | 290.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 981 | |
| chr2:219,551,360–219,553,449 | 298.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 785 |
Genomic view of the TUBA4A locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.