SNCA
synuclein alpha | NACP, PD1, PARK1, PARK4

Alpha-synuclein is a member of the synuclein family, which also includes beta- and gamma-synuclein. Synucleins are abundantly expressed in the brain and alpha- and beta-synuclein inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. SNCA may serve to integrate presynaptic signaling and membrane trafficking. Defects in SNCA have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. SNCA peptides are a major component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

Member of: DE-3 DE-3.5
Biological processes 145 terms
Hsp70 protein binding (GO:0030544)Lewy body (GO:0097413)SNARE binding (GO:0000149)SNARE complex assembly (GO:0035493)actin binding (GO:0003779)actin cytoskeleton (GO:0015629)alpha-tubulin binding (GO:0043014)amyloid fibril formation (GO:1990000)axon (GO:0030424)axon (GO:0030424)axon terminus (GO:0043679)axon terminus (GO:0043679)behavioral response to cocaine (GO:0048148)beta-tubulin binding (GO:0048487)calcium ion binding (GO:0005509)calcium ion homeostasis (GO:0055074)cell cortex (GO:0005938)cellular response to copper ion (GO:0071280)cellular response to epinephrine stimulus (GO:0071872)cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus (GO:0044344)cellular response to oxidative stress (GO:0034599)copper ion binding (GO:0005507)cuprous ion binding (GO:1903136)cuprous ion binding (GO:1903136)cuprous ion binding (GO:1903136)cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity (GO:0004869)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasmic vesicle membrane (GO:0030659)cytosol (GO:0005829)cytosol (GO:0005829)dopamine biosynthetic process (GO:0042416)dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission (GO:0051583)dynein complex binding (GO:0070840)enzyme activator activity (GO:0008047)enzyme binding (GO:0019899)enzyme binding (GO:0019899)enzyme inhibitor activity (GO:0004857)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)fatty acid binding (GO:0005504)ferrous iron binding (GO:0008198)glutathione metabolic process (GO:0006749)growth cone (GO:0030426)growth cone (GO:0030426)histone binding (GO:0042393)identical protein binding (GO:0042802)identical protein binding (GO:0042802)inclusion body (GO:0016234)inclusion body (GO:0016234)kinesin binding (GO:0019894)lipid binding (GO:0008289)lysosome (GO:0005764)magnesium ion binding (GO:0000287)membrane (GO:0016020)membrane (GO:0016020)microglial cell activation (GO:0001774)microtubule binding (GO:0008017)mitochondrial inner membrane (GO:0005743)mitochondrial matrix (GO:0005759)mitochondrial outer membrane (GO:0005741)mitochondrion (GO:0005739)mitochondrion (GO:0005739)negative regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043066)negative regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy (GO:1904715)negative regulation of dopamine metabolic process (GO:0045963)negative regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission (GO:0051585)negative regulation of exocytosis (GO:0045920)negative regulation of microtubule polymerization (GO:0031115)negative regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone (GO:1902957)negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process (GO:0043524)negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake (GO:0051622)negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway (GO:0010642)negative regulation of serotonin uptake (GO:0051612)negative regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway (GO:0070495)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)neuronal cell body (GO:0043025)neuronal cell body (GO:0043025)nuclear outer membrane (GO:0005640)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491)perinuclear region of cytoplasm (GO:0048471)phospholipase D inhibitor activity (GO:0060961)phospholipase binding (GO:0043274)phospholipid binding (GO:0005543)phospholipid binding (GO:0005543)phosphoprotein binding (GO:0051219)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)platelet alpha granule membrane (GO:0031092)positive regulation of SNARE complex assembly (GO:0035543)positive regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043065)positive regulation of endocytosis (GO:0045807)positive regulation of exocytosis (GO:0045921)positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process (GO:1903285)positive regulation of inflammatory response (GO:0050729)positive regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process (GO:0060732)positive regulation of protein localization to cell periphery (GO:1904377)positive regulation of receptor recycling (GO:0001921)positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol (GO:0051281)presynapse (GO:0098793)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein destabilization (GO:0031648)protein domain specific binding (GO:0019904)protein kinase inhibitor activity (GO:0004860)protein sequestering activity (GO:0140311)protein tetramerization (GO:0051262)protein-containing complex (GO:0032991)receptor internalization (GO:0031623)regulation of dopamine secretion (GO:0014059)regulation of dopamine secretion (GO:0014059)regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization (GO:0070507)regulation of norepinephrine uptake (GO:0051621)regulation of presynapse assembly (GO:1905606)regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process (GO:1903426)regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling (GO:1903421)response to cocaine (GO:0042220)response to desipramine (GO:1904307)response to interleukin-1 (GO:0070555)response to iron(II) ion (GO:0010040)response to lipopolysaccharide (GO:0032496)response to magnesium ion (GO:0032026)response to type II interferon (GO:0034341)ribosome (GO:0005840)supramolecular fiber (GO:0099512)supramolecular fiber organization (GO:0097435)synapse (GO:0045202)synapse organization (GO:0050808)synaptic transmission, dopaminergic (GO:0001963)synaptic vesicle (GO:0008021)synaptic vesicle endocytosis (GO:0048488)synaptic vesicle endocytosis (GO:0048488)synaptic vesicle exocytosis (GO:0016079)synaptic vesicle membrane (GO:0030672)synaptic vesicle priming (GO:0016082)synaptic vesicle priming (GO:0016082)synaptic vesicle transport (GO:0048489)tau protein binding (GO:0048156)terminal bouton (GO:0043195)transcription cis-regulatory region binding (GO:0000976)transporter regulator activity (GO:0141108)tubulin binding (GO:0015631)zinc ion binding (GO:0008270)
Expression (TPM)
SNCA — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating SNCA 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for SNCA. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = SNCA upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to SNCA

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of SNCA, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr4:89,609,404–89,610,571 227.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 122
chr4:89,640,712–89,641,562 195.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 327
chr4:89,836,019–89,838,409 76 bp At TSS Multiome 559
chr4:89,897,965–89,898,867 61.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 241
chr4:90,126,585–90,128,847 290.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 613

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the SNCA locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr4:89,599,404 – 90,138,847
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq