RET
ret proto-oncogene | CDHF12, CDHR16, PTC, RET51, HSCR1, MEN2A, MEN2B, MTC1

This gene encodes a transmembrane receptor and member of the tyrosine protein kinase family of proteins. Binding of ligands such as GDNF (glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor) and other related proteins to the encoded receptor stimulates receptor dimerization and activation of downstream signaling pathways that play a role in cell differentiation, growth, migration and survival. The encoded receptor is important in development of the nervous system, and the development of organs and tissues derived from the neural crest. This proto-oncogene can undergo oncogenic activation through both cytogenetic rearrangement and activating point mutations. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hirschsprung disease and central hypoventilation syndrome and have been identified in patients with renal agenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017]

Developmental clusters: GC3
Biological processes 54 terms
ATP binding (GO:0005524)GDF15-GFRAL signaling pathway (GO:0160144)Peyer's patch morphogenesis (GO:0061146)Peyer's patch morphogenesis (GO:0061146)axon (GO:0030424)axon guidance (GO:0007411)calcium ion binding (GO:0005509)calcium ion binding (GO:0005509)cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway (GO:0007169)cellular response to retinoic acid (GO:0071300)endosome membrane (GO:0010008)endosome membrane (GO:0010008)glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway (GO:0035860)homophilic cell-cell adhesion (GO:0007156)lymphocyte migration into lymphoid organs (GO:0097021)membrane (GO:0016020)membrane protein proteolysis (GO:0033619)nervous system development (GO:0007399)neuron cell-cell adhesion (GO:0007158)neuron cell-cell adhesion (GO:0007158)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)plasma membrane protein complex (GO:0098797)positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893)positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893)positive regulation of MAPK cascade (GO:0043410)positive regulation of MAPK cascade (GO:0043410)positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin (GO:0033630)positive regulation of cell migration (GO:0030335)positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand (GO:2001241)positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand (GO:2001241)positive regulation of metanephric glomerulus development (GO:0072300)positive regulation of metanephric glomerulus development (GO:0072300)positive regulation of neuron projection development (GO:0010976)positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction (GO:0051897)posterior midgut development (GO:0007497)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein kinase activity (GO:0004672)protein tyrosine kinase activity (GO:0004713)protein tyrosine kinase activity (GO:0004713)regulation of cell adhesion (GO:0030155)response to pain (GO:0048265)response to pain (GO:0048265)signal transduction (GO:0007165)signaling receptor activity (GO:0038023)signaling receptor complex (GO:0043235)signaling receptor complex (GO:0043235)transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity (GO:0004714)transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity (GO:0004714)transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity (GO:0004714)transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity (GO:0004714)
Expression (TPM)
RET — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating RET 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for RET. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = RET upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to RET

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of RET, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr10:42,782,066–42,783,465 294.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 1124
chr10:42,866,108–42,867,222 210.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 204
chr10:42,932,398–42,934,239 144.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 252
chr10:42,951,596–42,953,009 124.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 263
chr10:43,026,131–43,027,199 50.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 308
chr10:43,076,256–43,078,068 37 bp At TSS Multiome 337
chr10:43,078,817–43,079,205 1.8 kb Proximal (<10kb) 117
chr10:43,104,555–43,106,082 28.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 582
chr10:43,137,532–43,139,055 61.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 754
chr10:43,202,016–43,204,485 125.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 505
chr10:43,204,643–43,205,459 128.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 272
chr10:43,228,465–43,230,305 152.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 290
chr10:43,265,915–43,267,309 189.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 244
chr10:43,322,425–43,323,518 245.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 215
chr10:43,361,820–43,362,935 285.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 416
chr10:43,395,694–43,397,607 319.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 1120

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the RET locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr10:42,772,066 – 43,407,607
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq