PPARD
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta | FAAR, NR1C2, NUC1, NUCII, PPARB

This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family. The encoded protein is thought to function as an integrator of transcriptional repression and nuclear receptor signaling. It may inhibit the ligand-induced transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors alpha and gamma, though evidence for this effect is inconsistent. Expression of this gene in colorectal cancer cells may be variable but is typically relatively low. Knockout studies in mice suggested a role for this protein in myelination of the corpus callosum, lipid metabolism, differentiation, and epidermal cell proliferation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

Member of: DE-5 Developmental clusters: GC7
Biological processes 101 terms
D-glucose transmembrane transport (GO:1904659)DNA binding (GO:0003677)DNA binding (GO:0003677)DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0003700)DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0003700)DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0003700)DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981)DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001227)DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001227)DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001227)NF-kappaB binding (GO:0051059)RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978)RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex (GO:0090575)apoptotic process (GO:0006915)apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:0097190)axon ensheathment (GO:0008366)cell differentiation (GO:0030154)cell population proliferation (GO:0008283)cellular response to lipopolysaccharide (GO:0071222)cellular response to nutrient levels (GO:0031669)cholesterol metabolic process (GO:0008203)chromatin (GO:0000785)chromatin (GO:0000785)chromatin (GO:0000785)decidualization (GO:0046697)decidualization (GO:0046697)embryo implantation (GO:0007566)embryo implantation (GO:0007566)energy homeostasis (GO:0097009)energy homeostasis (GO:0097009)energy homeostasis (GO:0097009)energy homeostasis (GO:0097009)fatty acid beta-oxidation (GO:0006635)fatty acid beta-oxidation (GO:0006635)fatty acid beta-oxidation (GO:0006635)fatty acid binding (GO:0005504)fatty acid catabolic process (GO:0009062)fatty acid metabolic process (GO:0006631)fatty acid oxidation (GO:0019395)fatty acid transport (GO:0015908)fatty acid transport (GO:0015908)generation of precursor metabolites and energy (GO:0006091)glucose metabolic process (GO:0006006)heart development (GO:0007507)hormone-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0009755)intracellular receptor signaling pathway (GO:0030522)linoleic acid binding (GO:0070539)lipid binding (GO:0008289)lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629)lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629)negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045892)negative regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043066)negative regulation of cell growth (GO:0030308)negative regulation of cholesterol storage (GO:0010887)negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process (GO:0032966)negative regulation of inflammatory response (GO:0050728)negative regulation of miRNA transcription (GO:1902894)negative regulation of miRNA transcription (GO:1902894)negative regulation of myoblast differentiation (GO:0045662)negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration (GO:0014912)negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation (GO:0048662)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)nuclear receptor activity (GO:0004879)nuclear receptor activity (GO:0004879)nuclear receptor activity (GO:0004879)nuclear receptor-mediated steroid hormone signaling pathway (GO:0030518)nuclear steroid receptor activity (GO:0003707)nuclear steroid receptor activity (GO:0003707)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)phospholipid biosynthetic process (GO:0008654)positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893)positive regulation of epidermis development (GO:0045684)positive regulation of fat cell differentiation (GO:0045600)positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic process (GO:0045923)positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation (GO:0046321)positive regulation of gene expression (GO:0010628)positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus (GO:0035774)positive regulation of myoblast proliferation (GO:2000288)positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration (GO:0043415)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)protein binding (GO:0005515)proteoglycan metabolic process (GO:0006029)regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355)regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation (GO:0014842)regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation (GO:0014842)regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357)regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357)response to activity (GO:0014823)response to glucose (GO:0009749)response to vitamin A (GO:0033189)sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0043565)sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding (GO:1990837)transcription coactivator binding (GO:0001223)vasodilation (GO:0042311)zinc ion binding (GO:0008270)
Expression (TPM)
PPARD — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating PPARD 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for PPARD. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = PPARD upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to PPARD

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of PPARD, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr6:35,141,228–35,141,736 201.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 171
chr6:35,193,064–35,193,865 149.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 107
chr6:35,213,536–35,214,675 128.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 310
chr6:35,258,904–35,260,476 82.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 1142
chr6:35,297,619–35,298,109 44.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 765
chr6:35,317,884–35,318,871 24.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 727
chr6:35,342,126–35,343,068 52 bp At TSS Multiome 831
chr6:35,451,927–35,453,018 109.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 799
chr6:35,467,935–35,469,331 125.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 1091
chr6:35,485,138–35,486,890 143.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 400
chr6:35,490,011–35,490,813 147.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 310
chr6:35,495,972–35,498,486 154.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 939
chr6:35,522,668–35,523,295 180.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 419

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the PPARD locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr6:35,131,228 – 35,533,295
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq